Derivatization-free Ru(bpy)32+ electrochemiluminescence detection of gramine

• Published in: Journal of electroanalytical chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-12, Vol.927, p.116989, Article 116989
• Main Authors: Barkae, Tesfaye Hailemariam, Quan, Shuai, Dong, Zhiyong, Ji, Kaixiang, Hussain, Altaf, Zeid, Abdallah M., Xu, Guobao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Blood pressure; Carcinogens; Coreactant; Electrochemiluminescence; Gramine; Malt; Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)
• ISSN: 1572-6657; 1873-2569
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116989

•Gramine may exist in food and is a precursor of potent carcinogens nitrosamines.•Gramine is exploited as a new coreactant of Ru(bpy)32+ electrochemiluminescence.•Ru(bpy)32+ electrochemiluminescence enables sensitive detection of gramine.•The method has wide dynamic range. Gramine exists in food such as oats and is used for controlling blood pressure and mitochondrial energy metabolism and regulating vasodilatation. It acts as a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, and thus exhibits vasodilatory activity. However, it is a precursor in the formation of potent carcinogens nitrosamines that were found in flame-kilned malt and in beers and whiskies made from the malt. It is thus important to measure gramine. Herein, gramine is exploited for the first time as an efficient coreactant of Ru(bpy)32+ electrochemiluminescence. The Ru(bpy)32+/gramine electrochemiluminescence enables the detection of gramine in a wide linear range of 0.1–500 μM with a limit of detection of 0.018 μM. The method was validated by detecting gramine in beer samples with a recovery of 97.56–101.25 %.