Fluid evolution and ore genesis of the Tiantangshan granite-related vein-type Rb-Sn-W deposit, south China: constraints from LA-ICP-MS analyses of fluid inclusions

Tungsten-tin-(rare-metal) deposits are most commonly granite-related and an important source of critical metals. This study describes the fluid evolution in the Tiantangshan Rb-Sn-W deposit, Nanling Range, China, and discusses the implications for mineralizing processes. Mineralization at Tiantangsh...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Mineralium deposita 2023-04, Vol.58 (4), p.751-769
Main Authors: Peng, Hong-Wei, Fan, Hong-Rui, Lecumberri-Sanchez, Pilar, Lai, Jian-Qing, Hu, Huan-Long, Lan, Ting-Guang, Li, Xing-Hui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biotite
Cassiterite
Degassing
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Evolution
Fluid inclusions
Fluids
Galena
Geology
Granite
Heavy metals
Isotopes
Lead
Manganese
Meteoric water
Mineral Resources
Mineralization
Mineralogy
Precipitation
Pressure reduction
Quartz
Rocks
Rubidium
Salinity
Salinity effects
Spatial distribution
Sphalerite
Tin
Tungsten
Veins (geology)
Volcanic rocks
Wolframite
Zinc
Zincblende
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Summary:Tungsten-tin-(rare-metal) deposits are most commonly granite-related and an important source of critical metals. This study describes the fluid evolution in the Tiantangshan Rb-Sn-W deposit, Nanling Range, China, and discusses the implications for mineralizing processes. Mineralization at Tiantangshan is spatially zoned. The greisen roof hosts wolframite-cassiterite quartz veins. The surrounding volcanic rocks host biotite quartz veins (Rb mineralization) crosscut by cassiterite quartz veins and sphalerite-galena quartz veins. The earliest intermediate-density fluids are responsible for the early W-(Sn)-Rb mineralization and evolve towards decreasing homogenization temperature (Th) and ratios of W, Sn, Rb, Cs, Fe, and Mn to Na + K as the fluid migrated from the greisen to the volcanic rocks hosted veins (Th: 420 to 350 °C; salinity: 13 to 4 wt% NaCl eq ). The spatial distribution of mineralization and fluid paragenesis indicates that precipitation of wolframite, early cassiterite, and Rb-rich biotite was associated with a pH increase during fluid-rock interaction. Late cassiterite and intergrown quartz precipitated from a degassing fluid with lower Th (mainly 360 to 340 °C) and salinity (10 to 2 wt% NaCl eq ) and with distinctly lower Sn concentrations. Late cassiterite precipitation is therefore likely related with depressurization by brittle failure of the rock leading to simultaneous boiling and meteoric water input. Late Pb–Zn mineralization precipitated from low Th (
ISSN:0026-4598
1432-1866
DOI:10.1007/s00126-022-01155-7