Vulnerability of groundwater to iron and manganese contamination in the coastal alluvial plain of a developing Indonesian city

This paper evaluates environmental conditions responsible for the high concentrations of trace metals in Indonesian coastal groundwater. Indramayu, which has significant potential groundwater resources, but for which limited information is available regarding its vulnerability, is selected as our st...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:SN applied sciences 2021-04, Vol.3 (4), p.399, Article 399
Main Authors: Rusydi, Anna Fadliah, Onodera, Shin-Ichi, Saito, Mitsuyo, Ioka, Seiichiro, Maria, Rizka, Ridwansyah, Iwan, Delinom, Robert M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alluvial plains
Applied and Technical Physics
Aquifers
Chemistry/Food Science
Coastal plains
Contaminants
Contamination
Dissolution
Dissolved organic carbon
Drinking water
Earth and Environmental Sciences: Groundwater Vulnerability and Challenge to Future in Rapid Developing Coastal Cities of Indonesia
Earth Sciences
Engineering
Environment
Environmental conditions
Groundwater
Heavy metals
Human influences
Hydrology
Iron
Laboratories
Land use
Manganese
Materials Science
Metal concentrations
Metals
Nitrates
Oxidation
Parameter sensitivity
Research Article
Saline water
Salinity
Salinity effects
Trace metals
Water resources
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Summary:This paper evaluates environmental conditions responsible for the high concentrations of trace metals in Indonesian coastal groundwater. Indramayu, which has significant potential groundwater resources, but for which limited information is available regarding its vulnerability, is selected as our study area. Results show that Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ are natural contaminants in the groundwater of the study site. The correlations of trace metals with salinity and redox-sensitive parameters verify that saline water has a significant impact upon the dissolution of Fe and Mn. Furthermore, reductive condition is confirmed to be responsible for Fe and Mn dissolution with a less significant correlation compared to salinity. Moreover, the high concentrations of trace metals are coupled with high dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which indicates that reductive environment may arise because of organic-matter decomposition. Finally, the impact of human activity upon Fe and Mn dissolution is identified at the northern tip of Indramayu, where trace-metal contents are significantly elevated. Further, in the southern part, the groundwater condition is relatively more natural; thus, the impact of human activity upon the presence of Fe and Mn is lesser in this region.
ISSN:2523-3963
2523-3971
DOI:10.1007/s42452-021-04385-y