Emerging hallmark of gliomas microenvironment in evading immunity: a basic concept

BackgroundOver the last decade, since clinical trials examining targeted therapeutics for gliomas have failed to demonstrate a meaningful increase in survival, the emphasis has recently been switched toward innovative techniques for modulating the immune response against tumors and their microenviro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, 2023-03, Vol.59 (1), p.47-14
Main Authors: Arifianto, Muhammad Reza, Meizikri, Rizki, Haq, Irwan Barlian Immadoel, Susilo, Rahadian Indarto, Wahyuhadi, Joni, Hermanto, Yulius, Faried, Ahmad
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Biopsy
Brain cancer
Cancer therapies
Chemotherapy
Glioblastoma
Glioma
Headaches
Immune evasion
Immunity (Disease)
Immunotherapy
Medical prognosis
Microenvironment
Neurosurgery
Psychiatry
Quality of life
Tumors
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Summary:BackgroundOver the last decade, since clinical trials examining targeted therapeutics for gliomas have failed to demonstrate a meaningful increase in survival, the emphasis has recently been switched toward innovative techniques for modulating the immune response against tumors and their microenvironments (TME). Cancerous cells have eleven hallmarks which make it distinct from normal ones, among which is immune evasion. Immune evasion in glioblastoma helps it evade various treatment modalities. SummaryGlioblastoma’s TME is composed of various array of cellular actors, ranging from peripherally derived immune cells to a variety of organ-resident specialized cell types. For example, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) serves as a selective barrier between the systemic circulation and the brain, which effectively separates it from other tissues. It is capable of blocking around 98% of molecules that transport different medications to the target tumor.ObjectivesThe purpose of this paper is to offer a concise overview of fundamental immunology and how ‘clever’ gliomas avoid the immune system despite the discovery of immunotherapy for glioma.ConclusionsHerein, we highlight the complex interplay of the tumor, the TME, and the nearby normal structures makes it difficult to grasp how to approach the tumor itself. Numerous researchers have found that the brain TME is a critical regulator of glioma growth and treatment efficacy.
ISSN:1110-1083
1687-8329
DOI:10.1186/s41983-023-00635-5