ISM-Band Frequency Transformer Modeling for Isolated High-Power Conversions

• Published in: IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement 2023-01, Vol.72, p.1-1
• Main Authors: Ehab, Muhammad, Tawfik, Mohamed Atef, Munir, Muhammad Umair, Ahmed, Ashraf, Park, Joung-Hu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analytical models; Capacitance; Capacitors; Circuit design; Energy conversion; Frequencies; High frequency transformer model; Inductance; Inductors; Input impedance; Integrated circuit modeling; ISM bands; isolated Class-E resonant inverter; Mathematical models; Modelling; Switching circuits; Transfer functions; Transformers; Voltage gain; Windings
• ISSN: 0018-9456; 1557-9662
• DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2023.3261921

In the last few years, the switching frequency of power electronic converters is extended to the several MHz range. ISM frequency bands are specified in this range for power electronic applications. Most converter circuits, such as resonance and soft-switching circuits require an accurate modeling of the circuit components, such as the high frequency inductors and transformers. This paper focuses on the evaluation of a practically simple but accurate high frequency transformer model. In first, a three-capacitor lumped model is chosen due to its simplicity as well as to the physics-oriented concept. Furthermore, the extraction of the parameters is straightforward. It is found that splitting the leakage inductances in two halves based on the winding capacitance would make the model more accurate for modeling high frequency characteristics. The paper analyzes the model and provides a closed form transfer function for the input impedance and the voltage gain. To verify the model, different kinds of transformer hardware are fabricated, and their input impedances are measured from 1 MHz to 30 MHz, which includes three ISM bands. The measurements are then compared with the impedance function developed from the model. The model shows well-matching with the measurement as compared to the conventional models. Finally, the model is validated experimentally by designing an isolated 13.56 MHz Class-E power conversion circuit, which includes a transformer with soft-switching. The soft-switching is designed based on the conventional, three-capacitor and the proposed model, respectively. The proposed model provides more accurate design for the inverter assuring soft-switching and optimum performance of the circuit.