Lipid transfer proteins: structure, classification and prospects of genetic engineering for improved disease resistance in plants

Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small, basic, and cysteine-rich proteins found abundantly in higher plants. Apart from main processes like the membrane stabilization, cell wall organization, cuticle synthesis, plant growth and development, and signal transduction, nsLTPs have...

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Published in:Plant cell, tissue and organ culture tissue and organ culture, 2023-04, Vol.153 (1), p.3-17
Main Authors: Iqbal, Aneela, Khan, Raham Sher, Shah, Daud Ali, Hussain, Syeda Andleeb, Abdalla, Ashraf N., Wadood, Abdul, Mii, Masahiro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cell death
Cell walls
Classification
Conformation
Conserved sequence
Cysteine
Disease resistance
Disulfide bonds
Efflux
Flowers & plants
Genetic engineering
Hydrophobicity
Life Sciences
Lipid transfer proteins
Lipids
Membranes
Microorganisms
Peptides
Plant diseases
Plant Genetics and Genomics
Plant growth
Plant Pathology
Plant Physiology
Plant Sciences
Plant species
Proteins
Review
Signal transduction
Structural stability
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Summary:Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small, basic, and cysteine-rich proteins found abundantly in higher plants. Apart from main processes like the membrane stabilization, cell wall organization, cuticle synthesis, plant growth and development, and signal transduction, nsLTPs have an active role in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Their structure consists of a conserved motif with eight-cysteine residues, stabilized by four disulfide bonds that make an inner hydrophobic cavity for ligand binding. This structural conformation renders stability and means for the transport of a variety of hydrophobic molecules. The nsLTPs possess significant inhibitory activity against the pathogenic microorganisms and thus make a part of the immunity in the plant’s defense system. Due to their small size, LTPs penetrate the fungal and bacterial membrane, creating pores that cause the efflux of the intracellular ions and eventually the cell death. Several genes encoding LTPs with antimicrobial potential have been integrated and overexpressed in plants either alone or in combination with other peptides for improved disease resistance. This review summarizes nsLTPs, their structural characteristics, and expression in various plant species to combat phytopathogens with enhanced disease resistance. Key message The development of classification system for nsLTPs, isolated from different plant species with their identified role.
ISSN:0167-6857
1573-5044
DOI:10.1007/s11240-023-02445-2