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Cretaceous pollen cone with three‐dimensional preservation sheds light on the morphological evolution of cycads in deep time
Summary The Cycadales are an ancient and charismatic group of seed plants. However, their morphological evolution in deep time is poorly understood. While molecular divergence time analyses estimate a Cretaceous origin for most major living cycad clades, much of the extant diversity is inferred to b...
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| Published in: | The New phytologist 2023-05, Vol.238 (4), p.1695-1710 |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3202-be0a2fa79a1576628e33d814dc1696f77b7dd7570fa62bdc8296af19e05c21a73 |
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| container_title | The New phytologist |
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| creator | Elgorriaga, Andres Atkinson, Brian A. |
| description | Summary
The Cycadales are an ancient and charismatic group of seed plants. However, their morphological evolution in deep time is poorly understood. While molecular divergence time analyses estimate a Cretaceous origin for most major living cycad clades, much of the extant diversity is inferred to be a result of Neogene diversifications. This leads to long branches throughout the cycadalean phylogeny that, with few exceptions, have yet to be rectified by unequivocal fossil cycads.
We report a permineralized pollen cone from the Campanian Holz Shale located in Silverado Canyon, CA, USA (c. 80 million yr ago). This fossil was studied via serial sectioning, SEM, 3D reconstruction and phylogenetic analyses.
Microsporophyll and pollen morphology indicate this cone is assignable to Skyttegaardia, a recently described genus based on disarticulated lignitized microsporophylls from the Early Cretaceous of Denmark. Data from this new species, including a simple cone architecture, anatomical details and vasculature organization, indicate cycadalean affinities for Skyttegaardia. Phylogenetic analyses support this assignment and recover Skyttegaardia as crown‐group Cycadales, nested within Zamiaceae.
Our findings support a Cretaceous diversification for crown‐group Zamiaceae, which included the evolution of morphological divergent extinct taxa with unique traits that have yet to be widely identified in the fossil record. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/nph.18852 |
| format | article |
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The Cycadales are an ancient and charismatic group of seed plants. However, their morphological evolution in deep time is poorly understood. While molecular divergence time analyses estimate a Cretaceous origin for most major living cycad clades, much of the extant diversity is inferred to be a result of Neogene diversifications. This leads to long branches throughout the cycadalean phylogeny that, with few exceptions, have yet to be rectified by unequivocal fossil cycads.
We report a permineralized pollen cone from the Campanian Holz Shale located in Silverado Canyon, CA, USA (c. 80 million yr ago). This fossil was studied via serial sectioning, SEM, 3D reconstruction and phylogenetic analyses.
Microsporophyll and pollen morphology indicate this cone is assignable to Skyttegaardia, a recently described genus based on disarticulated lignitized microsporophylls from the Early Cretaceous of Denmark. Data from this new species, including a simple cone architecture, anatomical details and vasculature organization, indicate cycadalean affinities for Skyttegaardia. Phylogenetic analyses support this assignment and recover Skyttegaardia as crown‐group Cycadales, nested within Zamiaceae.
Our findings support a Cretaceous diversification for crown‐group Zamiaceae, which included the evolution of morphological divergent extinct taxa with unique traits that have yet to be widely identified in the fossil record.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-646X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8137</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/nph.18852</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36943236</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Biological Evolution ; Canyons ; Cretaceous ; Cycadales ; Cycadophyta ; Cycadopsida ; Divergence ; Evolution ; Fossils ; microsporophylls ; Morphology ; Neogene ; New species ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Pollen ; Sectioning ; Sedimentary rocks ; seed plants ; Seeds ; Shale ; Skyttegaardia ; Time Factors ; Zamiaceae</subject><ispartof>The New phytologist, 2023-05, Vol.238 (4), p.1695-1710</ispartof><rights>2023 The Authors. © 2023 New Phytologist Foundation</rights><rights>2023 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2023 New Phytologist Foundation.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023 New Phytologist Trust</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3202-be0a2fa79a1576628e33d814dc1696f77b7dd7570fa62bdc8296af19e05c21a73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3202-be0a2fa79a1576628e33d814dc1696f77b7dd7570fa62bdc8296af19e05c21a73</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4501-011X ; 0000-0001-6260-5759</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36943236$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Elgorriaga, Andres</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Atkinson, Brian A.</creatorcontrib><title>Cretaceous pollen cone with three‐dimensional preservation sheds light on the morphological evolution of cycads in deep time</title><title>The New phytologist</title><addtitle>New Phytol</addtitle><description>Summary
The Cycadales are an ancient and charismatic group of seed plants. However, their morphological evolution in deep time is poorly understood. While molecular divergence time analyses estimate a Cretaceous origin for most major living cycad clades, much of the extant diversity is inferred to be a result of Neogene diversifications. This leads to long branches throughout the cycadalean phylogeny that, with few exceptions, have yet to be rectified by unequivocal fossil cycads.
We report a permineralized pollen cone from the Campanian Holz Shale located in Silverado Canyon, CA, USA (c. 80 million yr ago). This fossil was studied via serial sectioning, SEM, 3D reconstruction and phylogenetic analyses.
Microsporophyll and pollen morphology indicate this cone is assignable to Skyttegaardia, a recently described genus based on disarticulated lignitized microsporophylls from the Early Cretaceous of Denmark. Data from this new species, including a simple cone architecture, anatomical details and vasculature organization, indicate cycadalean affinities for Skyttegaardia. Phylogenetic analyses support this assignment and recover Skyttegaardia as crown‐group Cycadales, nested within Zamiaceae.
Our findings support a Cretaceous diversification for crown‐group Zamiaceae, which included the evolution of morphological divergent extinct taxa with unique traits that have yet to be widely identified in the fossil record.</description><subject>Biological Evolution</subject><subject>Canyons</subject><subject>Cretaceous</subject><subject>Cycadales</subject><subject>Cycadophyta</subject><subject>Cycadopsida</subject><subject>Divergence</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Fossils</subject><subject>microsporophylls</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Neogene</subject><subject>New species</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Pollen</subject><subject>Sectioning</subject><subject>Sedimentary rocks</subject><subject>seed plants</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Shale</subject><subject>Skyttegaardia</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Zamiaceae</subject><issn>0028-646X</issn><issn>1469-8137</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kMtKxDAUQIMozvhY-AMScOWimqRt0ixl8AWiLhTclTS5tR06TU1aZTbiJ_iNfolxOrrzbi4XDgfuQeiAkhMa5rTtqhOaZSnbQFOacBllNBabaEoIyyKe8KcJ2vF-TgiRKWfbaBJzmcQs5lP0PnPQKw128LizTQMt1rYF_Fb3Fe4rB_D18WnqBbS-tq1qcOfAg3tVfTixr8B43NTPVY_D2VeAF9Z1lW3sc60DDa-2GVaoLbFeahXwusUGoMN9sO6hrVI1HvbXexc9Xpw_zK6im7vL69nZTaRjRlhUAFGsVEIqmgrOWQZxbDKaGE255KUQhTBGpIKUirPC6IxJrkoqgaSaUSXiXXQ0ejtnXwbwfT63gwv_-JwJKaXgQRSo45HSznrvoMw7Vy-UW-aU5D-l81A6X5UO7OHaOBQLMH_kb9oAnI7AW93A8n9Tfnt_NSq_AQYZi0s</recordid><startdate>202305</startdate><enddate>202305</enddate><creator>Elgorriaga, Andres</creator><creator>Atkinson, Brian A.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4501-011X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6260-5759</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202305</creationdate><title>Cretaceous pollen cone with three‐dimensional preservation sheds light on the morphological evolution of cycads in deep time</title><author>Elgorriaga, Andres ; Atkinson, Brian A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3202-be0a2fa79a1576628e33d814dc1696f77b7dd7570fa62bdc8296af19e05c21a73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Biological Evolution</topic><topic>Canyons</topic><topic>Cretaceous</topic><topic>Cycadales</topic><topic>Cycadophyta</topic><topic>Cycadopsida</topic><topic>Divergence</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Fossils</topic><topic>microsporophylls</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Neogene</topic><topic>New species</topic><topic>Phylogenetics</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Pollen</topic><topic>Sectioning</topic><topic>Sedimentary rocks</topic><topic>seed plants</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Shale</topic><topic>Skyttegaardia</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Zamiaceae</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Elgorriaga, Andres</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Atkinson, Brian A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The New phytologist</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Elgorriaga, Andres</au><au>Atkinson, Brian A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cretaceous pollen cone with three‐dimensional preservation sheds light on the morphological evolution of cycads in deep time</atitle><jtitle>The New phytologist</jtitle><addtitle>New Phytol</addtitle><date>2023-05</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>238</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1695</spage><epage>1710</epage><pages>1695-1710</pages><issn>0028-646X</issn><eissn>1469-8137</eissn><abstract>Summary
The Cycadales are an ancient and charismatic group of seed plants. However, their morphological evolution in deep time is poorly understood. While molecular divergence time analyses estimate a Cretaceous origin for most major living cycad clades, much of the extant diversity is inferred to be a result of Neogene diversifications. This leads to long branches throughout the cycadalean phylogeny that, with few exceptions, have yet to be rectified by unequivocal fossil cycads.
We report a permineralized pollen cone from the Campanian Holz Shale located in Silverado Canyon, CA, USA (c. 80 million yr ago). This fossil was studied via serial sectioning, SEM, 3D reconstruction and phylogenetic analyses.
Microsporophyll and pollen morphology indicate this cone is assignable to Skyttegaardia, a recently described genus based on disarticulated lignitized microsporophylls from the Early Cretaceous of Denmark. Data from this new species, including a simple cone architecture, anatomical details and vasculature organization, indicate cycadalean affinities for Skyttegaardia. Phylogenetic analyses support this assignment and recover Skyttegaardia as crown‐group Cycadales, nested within Zamiaceae.
Our findings support a Cretaceous diversification for crown‐group Zamiaceae, which included the evolution of morphological divergent extinct taxa with unique traits that have yet to be widely identified in the fossil record.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>36943236</pmid><doi>10.1111/nph.18852</doi><tpages>1710</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4501-011X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6260-5759</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The New phytologist, 2023-05, Vol.238 (4), p.1695-1710 |
| issn | 0028-646X 1469-8137 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection |
| subjects | Biological Evolution Canyons Cretaceous Cycadales Cycadophyta Cycadopsida Divergence Evolution Fossils microsporophylls Morphology Neogene New species Phylogenetics Phylogeny Pollen Sectioning Sedimentary rocks seed plants Seeds Shale Skyttegaardia Time Factors Zamiaceae |
| title | Cretaceous pollen cone with three‐dimensional preservation sheds light on the morphological evolution of cycads in deep time |
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