Orthogonal Coded Spread Spectrum Digital Beamforming-Based 5G Receiver

• Published in: Arabian journal for science and engineering (2011) 2023-05, Vol.48 (5), p.5757-5769
• Main Authors: Biswas, Ardhendu Shekhar, Sil, Sanjib, Bera, Rabindranath, Mitra, Monojit
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 5G mobile communication; Antenna arrays; Beamforming; Broadband; Circuits; Design; Design parameters; Designers; Engineering; Humanities and Social Sciences; MIMO communication; Mobile computing; multidisciplinary; Network latency; Phased arrays; Radio; Receivers & amplifiers; Research Article-Electrical Engineering; Science; Signal to noise ratio; Spread spectrum; Urban environments
• ISSN: 2193-567X; 1319-8025; 2191-4281
• DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07022-x

5G receiver design at acceptably low cost poses a significant challenge, particularly where the 5G new radio (NR) use cases enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC) or ultra-reliable low latency communication need to be satisfied. One of the key design parameters that has to be looked at for successful implementation of these use cases is the maintenance of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Consequently for high SNR requirements, implementation of phased array antennas for suitable beamforming in radio access networks has been preferred by 5G systems designers. The authors have proposed an orthogonal coded spread spectrum-based digital beam forming (SSDBF) technique, which can be a better choice for 5G designers. They have introduced orthogonal Fourier codes in the phased array system which drastically reduces the number of circuit elements, thereby minimizing cost, size, weight and power requirements. The proposed scheme has been simulated and tested over a 28 GHz 5G link considering micro- and macro-channel scenarios in urban environments, following established urban micro (UMi) and urban macro (UMa) models, respectively. The results are then compared with a conventional digital beam forming (CDBF) technique. The BER versus SNR of both the SSDBF and CDBF cases are found to be almost equal. Moreover, the scheme is also tested with a 2 × 2 MIMO (multiple input multiple output), and the throughput is observed to be almost doubled in comparison with the corresponding SISO (single input single output) implementation, which suggests that the proposed scheme can also be used for MIMO applications.