Assortment of various groundwater sources through hydrochemical investigation in Rawalpindi district

Water plays a vital role in different physiological functions like maintenance of turgidity, nutrient uptake and metabolic processes in plants. The application of groundwater has been adopted for crop cultivation in many water-scarce areas. However, the quality of groundwater is deteriorating day by...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Himalayan earth sciences 2023-01, Vol.56 (1), p.01
Main Authors: Munir, Asia, Obaid Ur Rehaman, Malik, Kouser Majeed, Qazi, Muhammad Akram, Amin, Fariha, Waheed, Abdul, Bashir, Ahmad, Arslan, Muhammad Waleej
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural production
Agriculture
Carbonates
Electrical conductivity
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Farmers
Food supply
Groundwater
Investigations
Irrigation
Nutrient uptake
Rain
Salinity
Sodium
Topography
Turgidity
Urbanization
Water analysis
Water quality
Water sampling
Water shortages
Water, Underground
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Summary:Water plays a vital role in different physiological functions like maintenance of turgidity, nutrient uptake and metabolic processes in plants. The application of groundwater has been adopted for crop cultivation in many water-scarce areas. However, the quality of groundwater is deteriorating day by day due to urbanization and industrialization. . Therefore, a five-year (2015-2020) study was conducted to assess the fitness of groundwater being used for field application in different tehsils of Rawalpindi District. A total of 559 samples were collected in six tehsils of Rawalpindi, analyzed and categorized according to suitability criteria set by FAO (2013). Mean data showed that 70% of the total samples were fit, 9% marginally fit and 21% were found unfit for irrigation purposes. It was also recorded that a maximum (37%) of total unfit samples belonged to Gujar Khan tehsil whereas, the majority of samples of Taxila tehsil were fit compared to other Tehsils of Rawalpindi District. About 14.7% of water samples were recorded unfit due to Electrical Conductivity (EC), 5.9% due to Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), 11.4% due to Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), 19.4% due to EC+RSC, 14% due to EC+SAR, 8% due to SAR+RSC, and 11.8% were unfit in terms of EC+RSC+SAR. Depending upon water quality, farmers were advised to use good quality water for crops. Suitable remedial measures for marginally fit/unfit water samples were suggested considering the salinity or sodicity of the samples.
ISSN:1994-3237
1994-3237