Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment: State of the Art and Perspectives

Rainwater harvesting is an ancient practice currently used for flood and drought risk mitigation. It is a well-known solution with different levels of advanced technology associated with it. This study is aimed at reviewing the state of the art with regards to rainwater harvesting, treatment, and ma...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water (Basel) 2023-04, Vol.15 (8), p.1518
Main Authors: Raimondi, Anita, Quinn, Ruth, Abhijith, Gopinathan R., Becciu, Gianfranco, Ostfeld, Avi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Climate change
Developing countries
Drinking water
Drought
Emission standards
Environmental risk
Floods
Forecasts and trends
Laws, regulations and rules
LDCs
Mitigation
Physiochemistry
Rain
Rain water
Rain-water (Water-supply)
Rainwater recovery systems
Risk reduction
Science
Sustainability
Sustainable development
Technology
Water harvesting
Water reuse
Water shortages
Water supply
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Summary:Rainwater harvesting is an ancient practice currently used for flood and drought risk mitigation. It is a well-known solution with different levels of advanced technology associated with it. This study is aimed at reviewing the state of the art with regards to rainwater harvesting, treatment, and management. It focuses on the environmental and social benefits of rainwater harvesting and links them to the Sustainable Development Goals. The review identifies characteristics of laws and regulations that encourage this practice and their current limitations. It presents methodologies to design a rainwater harvesting system, describes the influence of design variables, and the impact of temporal and spatial scales on the system’s performance. The manuscript also analyzes the most advanced technologies for rainwater treatment, providing insights into various processes by discussing diverse physiochemical and biological technology options that are in the early stages of development. Finally, it introduces trends and perspectives which serve to increase rainwater harvesting, water reuse, and effective management.
ISSN:2073-4441
2073-4441
DOI:10.3390/w15081518