Gas-jet propelled hemostats for targeted hemostasis in wounds with irregular shape and incompressibility

• Published in: Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for biology and medicine Materials for biology and medicine, 2023-05, Vol.11 (17), p.3885-3897
• Main Authors: Zhou, Guofang, Lu, Fei, Shang, Songmin, Shou, Dahua, Wang, Wenyi, Yu, Kun, Xie, Ruiqi, Lan, Guangqian, Hu, Enling
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ammonia; Animal models; Animals; Bleeding; Blood; Calcium carbonate; Carbon dioxide; Collagen; Flushing; Gas jets; Gushing; Hemorrhage; Hemorrhage - drug therapy; Hemostasis; Hemostatics; Incompressibility; Powder; Powders - pharmacology; Protamine sulfate; Rabbits; Thrombin; Tranexamic Acid - pharmacology; Tranexamic Acid - therapeutic use; Wounds
• ISSN: 2050-750X; 2050-7518
• DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00165b

Since hemostats are likely to be flushed off a wound by a massive gushing of blood, achieving rapid and effective hemostasis in complex bleeding wounds with powder hemostats continues to be a significant therapeutic challenge. In order to counter the flushing effect of gushing blood, a gas-jet propelled powder hemostat ((COL/PS) 4 @CaCO 3 -T-TXA + ) has been developed. (COL/PS) 4 @CaCO 3 -T-TXA + dives into the deep bleeding sites of complex wounds for targeted hemostasis. In preparation, protamine sulfate and collagen are first electrostatically deposited on CaCO 3 , which is then loaded with thrombin, and finally doped with protonated tranexamic acid (TXA-NH 3 + ) to produce the final therapeutic medicine (COL/PS) 4 @CaCO 3 -T-TXA + . When applied to bleeding tissues, CaCO 3 and TXA-NH 3 + from (COL/PS) 4 @CaCO 3 -T-TXA + immediately react with each other in blood to release countless CO 2 macro-bubbles, which direct the hemostatic powder, (COL/PS) 4 @CaCO 3 -T-TXA + , precisely towards deep bleeding sites from complex wounds. Then the carried thrombin is released to accomplish targeted hemostasis. According to animal studies, (COL/PS) 4 @CaCO 3 -T-TXA + has better effects in rabbit hepatic hemorrhage models; the hemorrhage quickly stops within 30 s, which is roughly 20% less than with the commercial product Celox TM . The present study provides a new strategy for using powder hemostats to quickly and effectively stop bleeding in complex bleeding wounds. We demonstrate a novel way for powdered hemostats to enter deep bleeding sites of complicated wounds and achieve targeted hemostasis.