RETRACTED ARTICLE: Association of the corona virus (Covid-19) epidemic with environmental risk factors

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-05, Vol.30 (21), p.60314-60325
• Main Authors: Neisi, Abdolkazem, Goudarzi, Gholamreza, Mohammadi, Mohammad Javad, Tahmasebi, Yasser, Rahim, Fakher, Baboli, Zeinab, Yazdani, Mohsen, Sorooshian, Armin, Attar, Somayeh Alizade, Angali, Kambiz Ahmadi, Alam, Khan, Ahmadian, Maryam, Farhadi, Majid
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aeronautics; Air quality; Air temperature; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Cities; Coronaviruses; Correlation coefficient; Correlation coefficients; COVID-19; Dew; Dew point; Disease transmission; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental factors; Environmental Health; Environmental risk; Environmental science; Epidemics; Meteorological data; Outdoor air quality; Research Article; Respiratory diseases; Risk factors; Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Signs and symptoms; Spectroradiometers; Statistical analysis; Viral diseases; Viruses; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Websites; Wind; Wind speed
• ISSN: 1614-7499; 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26647-5

The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 (coronavirus disease 2019; previously 2019‐nCoV), epicenter in Hubei Province (Wuhan), People’s Republic of China, has spread too many other countries. The transmission of the corona virus occurs when people are in the incubation stage and do not have any symptoms. Therefore, the role of environmental factors such as temperature and wind speed becomes very important. The study of Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) indicates that there is a significant relationship between temperature and virus transmission and three important factors, namely temperature, humidity and wind speed, cause SARS transmission. Daily data on the incidence and mortality of Covid-19 disease were collected from World Health Organization (WHO) website and World Meter website (WMW) for several major cities in Iran and the world. Data were collected from February 2020 to September 2021. Meteorological data including temperature, air pressure, wind speed, dew point and air quality index (AQI) index are extracted from the website of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Statistical analysis carried out for significance relationships. The correlation coefficient between the number of infected people in one day and the environmental variables in the countries was different from each other. The relationship between AQI and number of infected was significant in all cities. In Canberra, Madrid and Paris, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the number of infected people in one day and wind speed. There is a significant positive relationship between the number of infected people in a day and the dew point in the cities of Canberra, Wellington and Washington. The relationship between the number of infected people in one day and Pressure was significantly reversed in Madrid and Washington, but positive in Canberra, Brasilia, Paris and Wuhan. There was significant relationship between Dew point and prevalence. Wind speed showed a significant relationship in USA, Madrid and Paris. AQI was strongly associated with the prevalence of covid19. The purpose of this study is to investigate some environmental factors in the transmission of the corona virus.