Green diesel production from Karanja oil using mesoporous Ba(HPW12O40) solid acid catalyst

Highly mesoporous Ba(HPW 12 O 40 ) heterogeneous acid catalysts were successfully synthesized by the two-step impregnation method and characterized for their catalytic activities, the trans-esterification reaction of Karanja oil was evaluated. The various amounts of catalyst were loaded in the acidi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Petroleum science and technology 2023-08, Vol.41 (15), p.1526-1545
Main Authors: Govindhan, P., Prabhu, N. V., Edison Chandraseelan, R., Dharmendira Kumar, M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acid catalyst
Acids
Ba (HPW
Barium
biodiesel
Biodiesel fuels
Catalysts
Catalytic activity
Catalytic cracking
Chemical synthesis
Esterification
Fourier transforms
H-NMR
Infrared spectroscopy
mesoporous
NMR spectroscopy
pongamia oil
Stability analysis
Substitution reactions
Transesterification
Triglycerides
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Summary:Highly mesoporous Ba(HPW 12 O 40 ) heterogeneous acid catalysts were successfully synthesized by the two-step impregnation method and characterized for their catalytic activities, the trans-esterification reaction of Karanja oil was evaluated. The various amounts of catalyst were loaded in the acidic medium and then Barium salt of tungstophosphoric acid. The acid catalyst was characterized using a techniques like FT-IR, XRD, BET, TGA, SEM and EDX.The results indicate that Ba 2+ was incorporated into the HPW 12 O 40 framework via isomorphous substitution between Ba 2+ ions. During the tests, it was observed that Ba (HPW 12 O 40 ), for transerterification of pongamia oil (89%) at optimized reaction conditions of 120 °C, 16:1 methanol to reactant molar ratio, 0.75 wt% catalyst loading, and 3 hrs reaction time. The results show that all of the solids have catalytic activity in the cracking reaction, which lowers the ultimate acidity of the products. The solids also have catalytic activity in the transesterification of triglycerides, resulting in high ester yields of 95% from Pongamia oil. The biodiesel production from pongamia oils was characterized by FTIR analysis and 1 H- NMR spectroscopy. With significant activity and stability, the used catalysts could be recycled up to three times.
ISSN:1091-6466
1532-2459
DOI:10.1080/10916466.2022.2093367