Fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal-decorated hydroxyapatite nanostructures using ultrasonication for biomedical applications

In this study, we have successfully synthesized cellulose nanocrystal/hydroxyapatite nanostructure (CN/HAP) hybrids using Phoenix dactylifera lignocellulosic biomass and eggshell as bio-precursors. CN/HAP nanohybrids were synthesized via ultrasonication. The prepared nanohybrids were characterized v...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomass conversion and biorefinery 2023-05, Vol.13 (7), p.5861-5874
Main Authors: Athinarayanan, Jegan, Periasamy, Vaiyapuri Subbarayan, Alshatwi, Ali A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural wastes
Alkaline phosphatase
Biocompatibility
Biomedical materials
Biotechnology
Cellulose
Energy
Fourier transforms
Gene expression
Hydroxyapatite
Infrared analysis
Infrared spectroscopy
Lignocellulose
Nanocrystals
Nanoparticles
Nanostructure
Original Article
Renewable and Green Energy
Synthesis
Thermogravimetric analysis
Tissue engineering
Transmission electron microscopy
X-ray diffraction
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Summary:In this study, we have successfully synthesized cellulose nanocrystal/hydroxyapatite nanostructure (CN/HAP) hybrids using Phoenix dactylifera lignocellulosic biomass and eggshell as bio-precursors. CN/HAP nanohybrids were synthesized via ultrasonication. The prepared nanohybrids were characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and FTIR results indicate CN/HAP hybrid formation. TEM images displayed ~10 to 50 nm HAP nanoparticles decorated on 100 to 200 nm CN matrix. Cell viability assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining results revealed that CN/HAP nanohybrids do not alter cell viability and morphology, indicating that nanohybrids are non-toxic and biocompatible. CN/HAP nanohybrids increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium nodule formation with upregulation of osteogenic marker ( BMP-2 , BMP-4 , ALP , and BGLAP ) gene expression in hMSCs. Overall, the findings suggest that agro-waste-derived CN/HAP hybrids can be suitable for bone tissue engineering applications.
ISSN:2190-6815
2190-6823
DOI:10.1007/s13399-021-01481-2