Scalable fabrication of graphene-assembled multifunctional electrode with efficient electrochemical detection of dopamine and glucose

• Published in: Nano research 2023-05, Vol.16 (5), p.6361-6368
• Main Authors: Ji, Xiaodong, Zhao, Xin, Zhang, Zixin, Si, Yunfa, Qian, Wei, Fu, Huaqiang, Chen, Zibo, Wang, Zhe, Jin, Huihui, Yang, Zhugen, He, Daping
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Chemistry and Materials Science; Condensed Matter Physics; Conductivity; Controllability; Dopamine; Electrochemical analysis; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Engraving; Fabrication; Glassy carbon; Glucose; Graphene; Low conductivity; Materials Science; Mechanical properties; Medical equipment; Nanotechnology; Physicochemical properties; Pollutant deposition; Portable equipment; Research Article; Target detection; Wearable technology
• ISSN: 1998-0124; 1998-0000
• DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5459-7

Conventional glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) cannot meet the requirements of future electrodes for wider use due to low conductivity, high cost, non-portability, and lack of flexibility. Therefore, cost-effective and wearable electrode enabling rapid and versatile molecule detection is becoming important, especially with the ever-increasing demand for health monitoring and point-of-care diagnosis. Graphene is considered as an ideal electrode due to its excellent physicochemical properties. Here, we prepare graphene film with ultra-high conductivity and customize the 3-electrode system via a facile and highly controllable laser engraving approach. Benefiting from the ultra-high conductivity (5.65 × 10 5 Sm −1 ), the 3-electrode system can be used as multifunctional electrode for direct detection of dopamine (DA) and enzyme-based detection of glucose without further metal deposition. The dynamic ranges from 1–200 µM to 0.5–8.0 mM were observed for DA and glucose, respectively, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 µM and 0.41 mM. Overall, the excellent target detection capability caused by the ultra-high conductivity and ease modification of graphene films, together with their superb mechanical properties and ease of mass-produced, provides clear potential not only for replacing GCE for various electrochemical studies but also for the development of portable and highperformance electrochemical wearable medical devices.