Exposure to Violence at School and School-Related Promotive Factors Among Adolescents in Urban Settings

We examined the effect of multiple school-related, resilience-promotive factors against exposure to violence (ETV) at school among an urban sample of 6th-grade students (n = 441, 57% female, mean age = 11.81), 90% identify as students of color. Using multilevel mixed-effects linear models, we analyz...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of school violence 2023-07, Vol.22 (3), p.367-382
Main Authors: Hsieh, Hsing-Fang, Scott, Briana A., Stoddard, Sarah A., Zimmerman, Marc A., Kleinsasser, Michael J., Heinze, Justin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adolescence
Adolescents
Aggression
aggressive behavior
Aggressiveness
Behavior
Bullying
Change
Cyberbullying
Educational Environment
Educational psychology
Empowerment
Grade 6
Linear analysis
Middle School Students
Minority students
Positive Attitudes
Resilience
Resilience (Psychology)
School violence
Self Efficacy
Student Characteristics
Student Role
Student School Relationship
Teenagers
Trust (Psychology)
Urban areas
Urban Schools
Victimization
Victims
Violence
Violence exposure
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Summary:We examined the effect of multiple school-related, resilience-promotive factors against exposure to violence (ETV) at school among an urban sample of 6th-grade students (n = 441, 57% female, mean age = 11.81), 90% identify as students of color. Using multilevel mixed-effects linear models, we analyzed two waves of data (baseline and 4-month follow-up). ETV is associated with subsequent higher levels of victimization, cyberbullying victimization and aggressive behavior after controlling for demographics and outcome scores at baseline. A cumulative school promotive factor (CSPF) consisting of school change efficacy, school connectedness, and perceived trust at school has a compensatory effect (direct, opposite main effect) against the effects of ETV on aggressive behaviors and victimization. Finally, the CSPF has a protective (moderating) effect on aggressive behavior, victimization, and cyberbullying victimization.
ISSN:1538-8220
1538-8239
DOI:10.1080/15388220.2023.2186419