Near‐Infrared Windows I and II Phosphors for Theranostic Applications: Spectroscopy, Bioimaging, and Light‐Emitting Diode Photobiomodulation

• Published in: Advanced optical materials 2023-06, Vol.11 (11), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Huang, Wen‐Tse, Rajendran, Veeramani, Chan, Ming‐Hsien, Hsiao, Michael, Chang, Ho, Liu, Ru‐Shi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: bioimaging; Chromophores; Cytochromes; Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; diffuse reflection spectroscopy; Health services; Industrial development; Infrared windows; Light; Light emitting diodes; Light sources; Materials science; Medical imaging; Mitochondria; Nanophosphors; Near infrared radiation; near‐infrared windows; Optical properties; Optics; Phosphors; phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes; photobiomodulation; Pollution monitoring; Spectrum analysis; Tissues
• ISSN: 2195-1071; 2195-1071
• DOI: 10.1002/adom.202202061

The importance and practicality of near‐infrared (NIR) light for the biomedical field has attached importance to the academe and industry with the development of technology. Luminescent materials with different doping strategies are promising candidates for covering near‐infrared biological windows from 700 nm to 1 700 nm. The relationship between NIR light, nanophosphors, and biological tissue towards the function of diagnostic and therapy in different NIR windows is explored clearly, which corresponds to diffuse reflection spectroscopy with bioimaging and light‐emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation. The diseases can be monitored with specific chromophore absorption under the NIR light source, which also can be traced to the dynamic change of the biological environment by luminescent materials. Especially in brain diseases, cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria as the crucial photoreceptor can be activated under NIR irradiation to achieve the non‐invasive treatment of neuron protection and recovery. NIR light attributed to LED or nanophosphors show the potential of theranostic approaches in biomedical technology. Cr3+‐ and Ni2+‐activated phosphors covering NIR windows I and II are presented with optical properties to explore the feasibility and practicability of non‐invasive precise medical treatment in the future. The relationship between biological tissue and near‐infrared (NIR) light is established in biomedical fields. The bioapplications of phosphor in NIR windows I and II regions are reviewed with diffuse reflection spectroscopy, nanophosphor bioimaging, and photobiomodulation (in vitro, in vivo, and clinic cases). Performance evaluating parameters of phosphor‐converted NIR light‐emitting diodes are discussed for further development in non‐invasive biomedical treatments.