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Performance and systematic uncertainties of CTA-North in conditions of reduced atmospheric transmission
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation stereoscopic system of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). In IACTs, the atmosphere is used as a calorimeter to measure the energy of extensive air showers induced by cosmic gamma rays, which brings along a series of constraint...
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Published in: | Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics 2023-06, Vol.2023 (6), p.11 |
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container_title | Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics |
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creator | Pecimotika, Mario Dominis Prester, Dijana Hrupec, Dario Mićanović, Saša Pavletić, Lovro Sitarek, Julian |
description | The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation stereoscopic system of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). In IACTs, the atmosphere is used as a calorimeter to measure the energy of extensive air showers induced by cosmic gamma rays, which brings along a series of constraints on the precision to which energy can be reconstructed. The presence of clouds during observations can severely affect Cherenkov light yield, contributing to the systematic uncertainty in energy scale calibration. To minimize these systematic uncertainties, a calibration of telescopes is of great importance. For this purpose, the influence of cloud transmission and altitude on CTA-N performance degradation was investigated using detailed Monte Carlo simulations for the case where no action is taken to correct for the effects of clouds. Variations of instrument response functions in the presence of clouds are presented. In the presence of clouds with low transmission (≤ 80%) the energy resolution is aggravated by 30% at energies below 1 TeV, and by 10% at higher energies. For higher transmissions, the energy resolution is worse by less than 10% in the whole energy range. The angular resolution varies up to 10% depending both on the transmission and altitude of the cloud. The sensitivity of the array is most severely reduced at lower energies, even by 60% at 40 GeV, depending on the clouds' properties. A simple semi-analytical model of sensitivity degradation has been introduced to summarize the influence of clouds on sensitivity and provide useful scaling relations. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1088/1475-7516/2023/06/011 |
format | article |
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In IACTs, the atmosphere is used as a calorimeter to measure the energy of extensive air showers induced by cosmic gamma rays, which brings along a series of constraints on the precision to which energy can be reconstructed. The presence of clouds during observations can severely affect Cherenkov light yield, contributing to the systematic uncertainty in energy scale calibration. To minimize these systematic uncertainties, a calibration of telescopes is of great importance. For this purpose, the influence of cloud transmission and altitude on CTA-N performance degradation was investigated using detailed Monte Carlo simulations for the case where no action is taken to correct for the effects of clouds. Variations of instrument response functions in the presence of clouds are presented. In the presence of clouds with low transmission (≤ 80%) the energy resolution is aggravated by 30% at energies below 1 TeV, and by 10% at higher energies. For higher transmissions, the energy resolution is worse by less than 10% in the whole energy range. The angular resolution varies up to 10% depending both on the transmission and altitude of the cloud. The sensitivity of the array is most severely reduced at lower energies, even by 60% at 40 GeV, depending on the clouds' properties. A simple semi-analytical model of sensitivity degradation has been introduced to summarize the influence of clouds on sensitivity and provide useful scaling relations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1475-7516</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-7516</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2023/06/011</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bristol: IOP Publishing</publisher><subject>Altitude ; Angular resolution ; Arrays ; Calibration ; Clouds ; Cosmic ray showers ; Energy ; Energy resolution ; gamma ray detectors ; gamma ray experiments ; Gamma rays ; Mathematical analysis ; Performance degradation ; Response functions ; Sensitivity analysis ; Telescopes ; Uncertainty</subject><ispartof>Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics, 2023-06, Vol.2023 (6), p.11</ispartof><rights>2023 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c271t-da9f29d84ec7ae7a7889245a2fc5832ed7b4295a8da5a64843dcb6743d8c31a13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pecimotika, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dominis Prester, Dijana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hrupec, Dario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mićanović, Saša</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pavletić, Lovro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sitarek, Julian</creatorcontrib><title>Performance and systematic uncertainties of CTA-North in conditions of reduced atmospheric transmission</title><title>Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics</title><addtitle>J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys</addtitle><description>The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation stereoscopic system of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). In IACTs, the atmosphere is used as a calorimeter to measure the energy of extensive air showers induced by cosmic gamma rays, which brings along a series of constraints on the precision to which energy can be reconstructed. The presence of clouds during observations can severely affect Cherenkov light yield, contributing to the systematic uncertainty in energy scale calibration. To minimize these systematic uncertainties, a calibration of telescopes is of great importance. For this purpose, the influence of cloud transmission and altitude on CTA-N performance degradation was investigated using detailed Monte Carlo simulations for the case where no action is taken to correct for the effects of clouds. Variations of instrument response functions in the presence of clouds are presented. In the presence of clouds with low transmission (≤ 80%) the energy resolution is aggravated by 30% at energies below 1 TeV, and by 10% at higher energies. For higher transmissions, the energy resolution is worse by less than 10% in the whole energy range. The angular resolution varies up to 10% depending both on the transmission and altitude of the cloud. The sensitivity of the array is most severely reduced at lower energies, even by 60% at 40 GeV, depending on the clouds' properties. A simple semi-analytical model of sensitivity degradation has been introduced to summarize the influence of clouds on sensitivity and provide useful scaling relations.</description><subject>Altitude</subject><subject>Angular resolution</subject><subject>Arrays</subject><subject>Calibration</subject><subject>Clouds</subject><subject>Cosmic ray showers</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Energy resolution</subject><subject>gamma ray detectors</subject><subject>gamma ray experiments</subject><subject>Gamma rays</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Performance degradation</subject><subject>Response functions</subject><subject>Sensitivity analysis</subject><subject>Telescopes</subject><subject>Uncertainty</subject><issn>1475-7516</issn><issn>1475-7516</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kEtLAzEUhYMoWB8_QQi4HpvHZJJZluILirqo65AmGZviJGOSWfTfm7Girlydy73nnAsfAFcY3WAkxBzXnFWc4WZOEKFz1MwRxkdg9rM__jOfgrOUdgiRhlIxA28vNnYh9sprC5U3MO1Ttr3KTsOx7GJWzmdnEwwdXK4X1VOIeQudhzp447IL_usUrRm1NVDlPqRha2PJ56h86l1KxXQBTjr1nuzlt56D17vb9fKhWj3fPy4Xq0oTjnNlVNuR1ojaaq4sV1yIltRMkU4zQYk1fFOTlilhFFNNLWpq9KbhRYSmWGF6Dq4PvUMMH6NNWe7CGH15KYkgNWJtg2hxsYNLx5BStJ0coutV3EuM5MRUTrzkxEtOTCVqZGFacviQc2H4Lf4_8wmk-nnh</recordid><startdate>20230601</startdate><enddate>20230601</enddate><creator>Pecimotika, Mario</creator><creator>Dominis Prester, Dijana</creator><creator>Hrupec, Dario</creator><creator>Mićanović, Saša</creator><creator>Pavletić, Lovro</creator><creator>Sitarek, Julian</creator><general>IOP Publishing</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230601</creationdate><title>Performance and systematic uncertainties of CTA-North in conditions of reduced atmospheric transmission</title><author>Pecimotika, Mario ; Dominis Prester, Dijana ; Hrupec, Dario ; Mićanović, Saša ; Pavletić, Lovro ; Sitarek, Julian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c271t-da9f29d84ec7ae7a7889245a2fc5832ed7b4295a8da5a64843dcb6743d8c31a13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Altitude</topic><topic>Angular resolution</topic><topic>Arrays</topic><topic>Calibration</topic><topic>Clouds</topic><topic>Cosmic ray showers</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Energy resolution</topic><topic>gamma ray detectors</topic><topic>gamma ray experiments</topic><topic>Gamma rays</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Performance degradation</topic><topic>Response functions</topic><topic>Sensitivity analysis</topic><topic>Telescopes</topic><topic>Uncertainty</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pecimotika, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dominis Prester, Dijana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hrupec, Dario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mićanović, Saša</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pavletić, Lovro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sitarek, Julian</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pecimotika, Mario</au><au>Dominis Prester, Dijana</au><au>Hrupec, Dario</au><au>Mićanović, Saša</au><au>Pavletić, Lovro</au><au>Sitarek, Julian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Performance and systematic uncertainties of CTA-North in conditions of reduced atmospheric transmission</atitle><jtitle>Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics</jtitle><addtitle>J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys</addtitle><date>2023-06-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>2023</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>11</spage><pages>11-</pages><issn>1475-7516</issn><eissn>1475-7516</eissn><abstract>The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation stereoscopic system of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). In IACTs, the atmosphere is used as a calorimeter to measure the energy of extensive air showers induced by cosmic gamma rays, which brings along a series of constraints on the precision to which energy can be reconstructed. The presence of clouds during observations can severely affect Cherenkov light yield, contributing to the systematic uncertainty in energy scale calibration. To minimize these systematic uncertainties, a calibration of telescopes is of great importance. For this purpose, the influence of cloud transmission and altitude on CTA-N performance degradation was investigated using detailed Monte Carlo simulations for the case where no action is taken to correct for the effects of clouds. Variations of instrument response functions in the presence of clouds are presented. In the presence of clouds with low transmission (≤ 80%) the energy resolution is aggravated by 30% at energies below 1 TeV, and by 10% at higher energies. For higher transmissions, the energy resolution is worse by less than 10% in the whole energy range. The angular resolution varies up to 10% depending both on the transmission and altitude of the cloud. The sensitivity of the array is most severely reduced at lower energies, even by 60% at 40 GeV, depending on the clouds' properties. A simple semi-analytical model of sensitivity degradation has been introduced to summarize the influence of clouds on sensitivity and provide useful scaling relations.</abstract><cop>Bristol</cop><pub>IOP Publishing</pub><doi>10.1088/1475-7516/2023/06/011</doi><tpages>31</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Altitude Angular resolution Arrays Calibration Clouds Cosmic ray showers Energy Energy resolution gamma ray detectors gamma ray experiments Gamma rays Mathematical analysis Performance degradation Response functions Sensitivity analysis Telescopes Uncertainty |
title | Performance and systematic uncertainties of CTA-North in conditions of reduced atmospheric transmission |
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