TOI-4010: A System of Three Large Short-Period Planets With a Massive Long-Period Companion

• Published in: arXiv.org 2023-06
• Main Authors: Kunimoto, Michelle, Vanderburg, Andrew, Huang, Chelsea X, Davis, M Ryleigh, Affer, Laura, Andrew Collier Cameron, Charbonneau, David, Cosentino, Rosario, Damasso, Mario, Dumusque, Xavier, A F Martnez Fiorenzano, Ghedina, Adriano, Haywood, R D, Lienhard, Florian, López-Morales, Mercedes, Mayor, Michel, Pepe, Francesco, Pinamonti, Matteo, Poretti, Ennio, Maldonado, Jesús, Rice, Ken, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Wilson, Thomas G, Udry, Stéphane, Baptista, Jay, Barkaoui, Khalid, Becker, Juliette, Benni, Paul, Bieryla, Allyson, Bosch-Cabot, Pau, Ciardi, David R, Collins, Karen A, Collins, Kevin I, Evans, Elise, Dupuy, Trent J, Goliguzova, Maria V, Guerra, Pere, Kraus, Adam, Lissauer, Jack J, Huber, Daniel, Murgas, Felipe, Palle, Enric, Quinn, Samuel N, Safonov, Boris S, Schwarz, Richard P, Shporer, Avi, Stassun, Keivan G, Jenkins, Jon M, Latham, David W, Ricker, George R, Seager, Sara, Vanderspek, Roland, Winn, Joshua, Essack, Zahra, Lewis, Hannah M, Rose, Mark E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Eccentric orbits; Extrasolar planets; Gas giant planets; Neptune; Radial velocity
• ISSN: 2331-8422
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2306.05308

We report the confirmation of three exoplanets transiting TOI-4010 (TIC-352682207), a metal-rich K dwarf observed by TESS in Sectors 24, 25, 52, and 58. We confirm these planets with HARPS-N radial velocity observations and measure their masses with 8 - 12% precision. TOI-4010 b is a sub-Neptune (\(P = 1.3\) days, \(R_{p} = 3.02_{-0.08}^{+0.08}~R_{\oplus}\), \(M_{p} = 11.00_{-1.27}^{+1.29}~M_{\oplus}\)) in the hot Neptune desert, and is one of the few such planets with known companions. Meanwhile, TOI-4010 c (\(P = 5.4\) days, \(R_{p} = 5.93_{-0.12}^{+0.11}~R_{\oplus}\), \(M_{p} = 20.31_{-2.11}^{+2.13}~M_{\oplus}\)) and TOI-4010 d (\(P = 14.7\) days, \(R_{p} = 6.18_{-0.14}^{+0.15}~R_{\oplus}\), \(M_{p} = 38.15_{-3.22}^{+3.27}~M_{\oplus}\)) are similarly-sized sub-Saturns on short-period orbits. Radial velocity observations also reveal a super-Jupiter-mass companion called TOI-4010 e in a long-period, eccentric orbit (\(P \sim 762\) days and \(e \sim 0.26\) based on available observations). TOI-4010 is one of the few systems with multiple short-period sub-Saturns to be discovered so far.