Recipe for Fabricating Optimized Solid‐State Electrochromic Devices and Its Know‐How: Challenges and Future

Electrochromism, a well‐defined phenomenon of bias‐induced reversible color switching, has led to real applications in several smart devices including smart windows and self‐powered batteries and solar panels. For these applications, the electrochromic (EC) materials need to be integrated as solid‐s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced optical materials 2023-06, Vol.11 (12), p.n/a
Main Authors: Ghosh, Tanushree, Kandpal, Suchita, Rani, Chanchal, Chaudhary, Anjali, Kumar, Rajesh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bias
bilayers
Chromophores
device design
dopants
Electrochromic cells
electrochromic devices
electrochromic gel
Electrochromism
Materials science
monolayers
Optics
Smart materials
Substrates
Windows (apertures)
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Summary:Electrochromism, a well‐defined phenomenon of bias‐induced reversible color switching, has led to real applications in several smart devices including smart windows and self‐powered batteries and solar panels. For these applications, the electrochromic (EC) materials need to be integrated as solid‐state devices. Deciphering ways to recreate a conventional device requires understanding of basic structure and its working. A thorough discussion is provided here regarding various materials that can act as chromophores when treated with some electric bias in addition to a few parameters that dictatehow fairly the device performs. The next important aspect is the device design, the skeleton of which usually includes conducting substrates, EC active materials, and an electrolyte. Step‐by‐step, various available device paradigms are discussed starting from a single EC electrode then joining a blank substrate to fabricate a monolayer electrochromic device (ECD) moving onto bi‐layer ECDs, and finally, all‐in‐one EC gel, which is devoid of any proper layered pattern. A thorough discussion regarding various application‐oriented structural modifications is provided. Challenges and the areas that need to be addressed in immediate future are discussed. The present review consolidates the development of solid‐state electrochromic devices in terms of device fabrication and optimization. It discusses different device paradigms and underlines their advantages and disadvantages. Important challenges and future goals have also been listed for aspiring researchers in the field.
ISSN:2195-1071
2195-1071
DOI:10.1002/adom.202203126