Genetic Divergence and Evolutionary Transition/Transversion Rate Bias in the Control Region of Mitochondrial DNA of Palearctic Mice (Murinae)

• Published in: Cytology and genetics 2023-06, Vol.57 (3), p.213-220
• Main Authors: Mezhzherin, S. V., Tereshchenko, V. O.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino acids; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Divergence; Evolution; Human Genetics; Mitochondrial DNA; Murinae; Phylogeny; Transversion
• ISSN: 0095-4527; 1934-9440
• DOI: 10.3103/S0095452723030076

Genetic divergence and evolutionary shift of transitions and transversions ratio were analyzed based on examples of 60 sequences of the mtDNA control region of 27 species of mice (Murinae) of the Palearctic region. Representatives of Cricetidae and Arvicolidae were taken as outgroups. The constructed phenogram corresponds to the accepted phylogenetic scheme and is clustered according to population, semispecies, allospecies, species, genus and family levels of divergence. In the phyletic order there is a clearly defined evolutionary transition/transversion rate bias. Its distinction is an extremely fast and abrupt transition from dynamic to stable phase. The dynamic phase is a rapid decrease in the ti/tv rate ratio and refers to the population and semispecies divergence levels. The stable phase refers to the species level and higher divergence levels and is associated with reaching a state of genetic saturation in a situation of predominance of transversions. The extreme denotion of the evolutionary shift in the D-loop case can be explained by the removal of the selection pressure caused by restrictions in amino acid substitutions. This means that the causes of transition/transversion bias are purely biochemical mechanisms on DNA level. Simultaneously, the stability of the ti/tv ratio at species and higher levels amidst the further accumulation of the total number of nucleotide substitutions may indicate a fundamentally different nature of genetic processes at the intraspecies and interspecies levels of divergence.