Sustainability of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Fibers and Their Cellulose Composite

Nowadays, the research community envisions smart materials composed of biodegradable, biocompatible, and sustainable natural polymers, such as cellulose. Most applications of cellulose electroactive materials are developed for energy storage and sensors, while only a few are reported for linear actu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sustainability 2023-06, Vol.15 (12), p.9227
Main Authors: Khuyen, Nguyen Quang, Elhi, Fred, Le, Quoc Bao, Kiefer, Rudolf
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actuators
Batteries
Biocompatibility
Biodegradation
Capacitance
Capacitors
Carbon
Cellulose
Cellulose fibers
Dielectrophoresis
Electroactive materials
Electrochemistry
Electrodes
Electrolytes
Energy storage
Ethanol
Fibers
Ions
Nanotubes
Natural polymers
Nonaqueous electrolytes
Polymers
Raman spectroscopy
Scanning electron microscopy
Sensors
Smart materials
Spectroscopy
Square waves
Surfactants
Sustainability
Sustainable development
Tensile strength
Voltammetry
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Summary:Nowadays, the research community envisions smart materials composed of biodegradable, biocompatible, and sustainable natural polymers, such as cellulose. Most applications of cellulose electroactive materials are developed for energy storage and sensors, while only a few are reported for linear actuators. Therefore, we introduce here cellulose-multiwall carbon nanotube composite (Cell-CNT) fibers compared with pristine multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers made by dielectrophoresis (DEP) in their linear actuation in an organic electrolyte. Electrochemical measurements (cyclic voltammetry, square wave potential steps, and chronopotentiometry) were performed with electromechanical deformation (EMD) measurements. The linear actuation of Cell-CNT outperformed the main actuation at discharging, having 7.9 kPa stress and 0.062% strain, making this composite more sustainable in smart materials, textiles, or robotics. The CNT fiber depends on scan rates switching from mixed actuation to main expansion at negative charging. The CNT fiber-specific capacitance was much enhanced with 278 F g−1, and had a capacity retention of 96% after 5000 cycles, making this fiber more sustainable in energy storage than the Cell-CNT fiber. The fiber samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET (Braunauer-Emmett-Teller) measurement, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su15129227