Understanding the characteristics of phytofabricated silver nanoparticles and their leishmanicidal potential against Indian strain of Leishmania donovani

• Published in: Applied nanoscience 2023-08, Vol.13 (8), p.5729-5742
• Main Authors: Roy Chowdhury, Dibyapriya, Pramanik, Pijush Kanti, Ghosh, Priyanka, Devgupta, Pujayita, Chakraborti, Tapati
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biocompatibility; Carboxyl group; Chemistry and Materials Science; Diameters; Grain size; Leaves; Macrophages; Materials Science; Membrane Biology; Nanochemistry; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Nanotechnology and Microengineering; Original Article; Silver; Silver nitrate; Spectra; Zeta potential
• ISSN: 2190-5509; 2190-5517
• DOI: 10.1007/s13204-023-02813-6

The present study was implemented to synthesize green silver nanoparticles from aqueous leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (AgNP NA s) and to analyze their physicochemical properties in evaluating their antileishmanial activity. Formation of AgNP NA s from leaf extract (LE) was evidenced by the change of peak intensity in the fluorescence spectrum. The particles were nearly monodispersed (PDI = 0.134) with hydrodynamic diameter of 67.83 nm and appeared quite stable (zeta potential = −19.1 mV). FESEM study demonstrated nearly spherical shape of AgNP NA s and apparently smooth surface area was identified by AFM. The diameter of AgNP NA s (~ 21 nm) was measured by HRTEM. The amorphous crystal nature, polycrystallinity and low grain size of AgNP NA s were comprehended by the XRD. The crystalline nature was supported from SAED profile. The  EDX spectra identified the constituents of AgNP NA s whereas the XPS spectra unraveled the Ag 2 O state. The FTIR analysis implemented the phytofabricating agent(s) to be attached to the Ag 0 via carboxyl group. The leishmanicidal activity of AgNP NA s on Leishmania donovani (MHOM/IN/1983/AG83) was compared with commercial silver nanoparticles (AgNP CO s), AgNO 3 , miltefosine and leaf extract (LE). The AgNO 3 (IC 50  = 0.469 ± 0.116 μg/ml), AgNP CO s (IC 50  = 4.74 ± 0.221 μg/ml), miltefosine (IC 50  = 0.87 ± 0.038 μg/ml) proved their better leishmanicidal efficacy than AgNP NA s (IC 50  = 11.46 ± 0.120 μg/ml) and LE was found to be incompetent as parasiticidal. However, AgNP NA s showed greater safety level (IC 50  = 136.33 ± 0.881 μg/ml) in normal macrophages (Raw 264.7) than AgNO 3 (IC 50  = 1.81 ± 0.133 μg/ml), AgNP CO s (IC 50  = 10.06 ± 0.719 μg/ml) and miltefosine (IC 50  = 18.73 ± 0.9 μg/ml). Altogether, this study revealed the physicochemical properties of AgNP NA s and their biocompatibility in killing L. donovani promastigotes indicating their new identity as potential antileishmanial agent.