Optical and thermal characterization of a group-III nitride semiconductor membrane by microphotoluminescence spectroscopy and Raman thermometry

• Published in: arXiv.org 2024-03
• Main Authors: Elhajhasan, Mahmoud, Wilken Seemann, Dudde, Katharina, Vaske, Daniel, Callsen, Gordon, Rousseau, Ian, Weatherley, Thomas F K, Carlin, Jean-François, Butté, Raphaël, Grandjean, Nicolas, Protik, Nakib H, Romano, Giuseppe
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ballistic penetration; Current carriers; Excitons; Gallium nitrides; Laser beam heating; Lasers; Mathematical analysis; Membranes; Micrometers; Penetration depth; Phonons; Photoluminescence; Photonics; Quantum wells; Room temperature; Spatial resolution; Spectrum analysis; Temperature probes; Thermal analysis; Thermal conductivity; Thermodynamic properties; Thermometers; Thermometry; Wurtzite
• ISSN: 2331-8422
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2306.16980

We present the simultaneous optical and thermal analysis of a freestanding photonic semiconductor membrane made from wurtzite III-nitride material. By linking micro-photoluminescence (\(\mu\)PL) spectroscopy with Raman thermometry, we demonstrate how a robust value for the thermal conductivity \(\kappa\) can be obtained using only optical, non-invasive means. For this, we consider the balance of different contributions to thermal transport given by, e.g., excitons, charge carriers, and heat carrying phonons. Further complication is given by the fact that this membrane is made from direct bandgap semiconductors, designed to emit light based on an In\(_{x}\)Ga\(_{1-x}\)N (\(x=0.15\)) quantum well embedded in GaN. To meet these challenges, we designed a novel experimental setup that enables the necessary optical and thermal characterizations in parallel. We perform micro-Raman thermometry, either based on a heating laser that acts as a probe laser (1-laser Raman thermometry), or based on two lasers, providing the heating and the temperature probe separately (2-laser Raman thermometry). For the latter technique, we obtain temperature maps over tens of micrometers with a spatial resolution less than \(1\,\mu\text{m}\), yielding \(\kappa\,=\,95^{+11}_{-7}\,\frac{\text{W}}{\text{m}\cdot \text{K}}\) for the \(\textit{c}\)-plane of our \(\approx\,250\text{-nm}\)-thick membrane at around room temperature, which compares well to our \(\textit{ab initio}\) calculations applied to a simplified structure. Based on these calculations, we explain the particular relevance of the temperature probe volume, as quasi-ballistic transport of heat-carrying phonons occurs on length scales beyond the penetration depths of the heating laser and even its focus spot radius. The present work represents a significant step towards non-invasive, highly spatially resolved, and still quantitative thermometry performed on a photonic membrane.