Petrography and geochemistry of Late Cretaceous clastic rocks in the northern Songliao Basin, north‐eastern China: Implications for provenance and weathering

• Published in: Geological journal (Chichester, England) England), 2023-07, Vol.58 (7), p.2727-2741
• Main Authors: Xu, Zenglian, Tang, Chao, Chen, Lulu, Xiao, Peng, Liu, Huajian, Zeng, Hui, Duan, Ming
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arid climates; Basins; chemical weathering; CIA; Composition; Cretaceous; Feldspars; Geochemistry; History; palaeoclimate; Petrography; Petrology; provenance; Rocks; Sandstone; Sedimentary rocks; Sediments; Songliao Basin; source composition model; Trace elements; Volcanic rocks; Weathering
• ISSN: 0072-1050; 1099-1034
• DOI: 10.1002/gj.4730

Petrography and geochemical data of the Late Cretaceous clastic rocks in the northern Songliao Basin were used to infer the provenance and chemical weathering history. Petrographic data indicates that the composition of the sandstones is mainly quartz (34.48–50.43%), feldspars (14.16%–24.07%) and lithic fragments (33.91%–45.9%). Similar REE patterns and trace element ratios suggest that both the sandstones (LaCN/YbCN = 12.97; Eu/Eu* = 0.81; Th/Sc = 1.10) and mudstones (LaCN/YbCN = 10.02; Eu/Eu* = 0.71; Th/Sc = 1.10) were derived from a similar source area with felsic volcanic rocks as dominant contributors. The main provenance area is probably the eastern Zhangguangcai Range, the north‐eastern Lesser Xing'an Range and the south‐eastern Songliao Basin. A modelled mixture composed of 65% granodiorite in the Lesser Xing'an Range, 30% granite in Zhangguangcai Range and 5% epidiorite in the south‐eastern Songliao Basin, can be interpreted as the potential source compositions for the clastic sediments. This conclusion is reinforced by the major element of geochemistry composition and sandstone petrography. Relatively low Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values in mudstones (48.14–69.26) and sandstones (50.78–59.96) indicate mild chemical weathering conditions in the source area. The chemical weathering history suggests that a cold and arid climate prevailed during the Late Cretaceous. The clastic rocks are derived from a source of dominant felsic bulk compositions. The source compositions model for the Late Cretaceous clastic rocks is proposed.