NTO explosive monitoring by smartphone based on chemiluminescence technique

• Published in: Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 2023-08, Vol.20 (8), p.1927-1937
• Main Authors: Pourhasan, Fahimeh Sotoudeh, Pouretedal, Hamid Reza, Damiri, Sajjad, Ghehsareh, Hadi Roohani
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analytical Chemistry; Biochemistry; Chemiluminescence; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Design optimization; Hydrogen peroxide; Inorganic Chemistry; Irradiation; Manganese dioxide; Mathematical analysis; Microparticles; Monitoring; Organic Chemistry; Original Paper; Parameter sensitivity; Physical Chemistry; Potassium; Potassium ferricyanide; Smartphones
• ISSN: 1735-207X; 1735-2428
• DOI: 10.1007/s13738-023-02809-7

A chemiluminescence—smartphone technique has been developed for monitoring and determination of 3-Nitro-l,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) in aqueous samples. NTO molecules show an inhibition effect on irradiation intensity of chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of luminol-H 2 O 2 -PFC (potassium ferricyanide) in alkaline solution. Therefore, the reduction of irradiation intensity has been used as an analytical signal for tracing of NTO concentration. Analytical signal measured by smartphone as an available, accurate and low-cost detector. Prominent and impressive parameters on sensitivity of the method have been investigated and optimized by central composite design method. The optimized conditions are obtained 7.0 × 10 −3  mol L −1 luminol, 2.5 × 10 −3  mol L −1 potassium ferricyanide and 3.0 × 10 −3  mol L −1 H 2 O 2 in pH = 13. Also, a considerable increase in CL intensity is seen at the presence of microparticles of MnO 2 (1 mg mL −1 ) as a catalyst. Detection limit and linear dynamic range of the proposed method were obtained 2.84 mg L −1 and 5.0–35.0 mg L −1 , respectively. Cyclic voltammetry studies on NTO in alkaline media show the formation of anion radical species of NTO which caused reduction of CL intensity through interaction of these active species with CL reactants. This method is new, applicable, non-expensive, fast and accurate in determination of NTO in aqueous samples. Also, the proposed method is a green method according to the score 0.87 obtained by Analytical GREEnness Metric.