The Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solutions by Sepiolite/ZrO2 Composites: Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism

• Published in: Water (Basel) 2023-07, Vol.15 (13), p.2376
• Main Authors: Milovanović, Željka, Lazarević, Slavica, Janković-Častvan, Ivona, Radovanović, Željko, Cvetković, Slobodan, Janaćković, Đorđe, Petrović, Rada
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adsorbents; Adsorption; Aqueous solutions; Composite materials; Energy; Eutrophication; Fibers; Metallic glasses; Morphology; Nanoparticles; Nitrogen; Phosphates; Pore size; Room temperature; Sepiolite; Sodium hydroxide; Spectrum analysis; Surface chemistry; Toluene; Zirconium; Zirconium dioxide; Zirconium oxides
• ISSN: 2073-4441; 2073-4441
• DOI: 10.3390/w15132376

The sepiolite/ZrO2 composites were prepared by sepiolite (Sep) modification with zirconium propoxide in toluene at room temperature for 24 h (Sep–ZrI) or 95 °C for 4 h (sample Sep–ZrII). The efficiency of the obtained composites for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions at initial pH = 4 and pH = 8 was investigated. Characterization of the samples shows that synthesis at a higher temperature for a shorter time provides a slightly higher content of amorphous Zr phase, which is deposited on the sepiolite fibers as a thin layer and agglomerated nanoparticles. Compared to Sep, the composites have a lower point of zero charge and higher specific surface area and pore volume. The adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo second-order model. The adsorption capacities of the composites are approximately the same at both initial pH and higher at initial pH = 4 than at pH = 8. The XPS and ATR-FTIR of Sep–ZrI before and after adsorption identifies the formation of inner-sphere complexes as the mechanism of phosphate adsorption. The slow release during desorption with NaOH solution confirms the strong bonds of the phosphates with the surface of the composites.