Structural Classification, Discharge Statistics, and Recession Analysis from the Springs of the Gran Sasso (Italy) Carbonate Aquifer; Comparison with Selected Analogues Worldwide

The relative importance of karst conduits and fractures in driving groundwater flow affects the discharge of springs and the long-term availability of water resources. Applying statistics to the hydrographs of the discharge and studying the recessions provide information on the degree of reliability...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sustainability 2023-07, Vol.15 (13), p.10125
Main Authors: Medici, Giacomo, Lorenzi, Valeria, Sbarbati, Chiara, Manetta, Mauro, Petitta, Marco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Aquatic resources
Aquifers
Carbonates
Computation
Conduits
Drinking water
Drought
Fault lines
Flow duration
Fractures
Geology
Geology, Structural
Groundwater
Groundwater flow
Hydrology
Karst
Management
National parks
Permeability
Recessions
Reliability
Statistical analysis
Statistics
Stratigraphy
Structural geology
Sustainability
Sustainability management
Tectonics
Thresholds
Time series
Topography
Water
Water availability
Water flow
Water resources
Water springs
Water, Underground
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Summary:The relative importance of karst conduits and fractures in driving groundwater flow affects the discharge of springs and the long-term availability of water resources. Applying statistics to the hydrographs of the discharge and studying the recessions provide information on the degree of reliability and variability of the springs and, therefore, the flow regime within the saturated part of the carbonate aquifers. This approach was applied to six springs at the Gran Sasso aquifer in Central Italy. These springs were divided into three structural geological groups that determined the position of the permeability thresholds. The type of tectonic structures and the pattern of the permeability thresholds allow a correlation with the computed statistics. The studied springs were associated with the presence of thrusts, overturned drag folds, and a normal fault. The computed statistics describe a general scenario of reliability and steadiness for the springs. The Flow Duration Curves for the springs show limited groundwater flow through the conduits through a comparison with analogues in Slovakia. Joints and bedding plane fractures dominate the groundwater flow, fitting both the relative steadiness of the discharges and the pattern of the Flow Duration Curves. The recessions are also characterized by more gentle slopes with respect to nearby areas fitting a conceptual model of dominant fracture flow. This mathematical scenario depicts groundwater resources, which have limited exposure to episodes of summer droughts. The proposed approach is a holistic combination of structural geology and hydrologic elements and can be successfully exported to other tectonized carbonate areas for the sustainable management of groundwater resources worldwide.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su151310125