Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Refined and Cold-Pressed Vegetable Oils Distributed in Ahvaz, Iran: a Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment

The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in vegetable oils using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was measured. Probabilistic non-carcinogenic risk in consumers was estimated using the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biological trace element research 2023-09, Vol.201 (9), p.4567-4575
Main Authors: Askarpour, Seyed Ali, Molaee-Aghaee, Ebrahim, Ghaderi-Ghahfarokhi, Maryam, Shariatifar, Nabi, Mahmudiono, Trias, Sadighara, Parisa, Fakhri, Yadolah
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Adults
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biotechnology
Carcinogenicity
Carcinogens
Child
Children
Cold
Consumption
Edible oils
Emission measurements
Environmental Monitoring
Health risks
Helianthus
Humans
Inductively coupled plasma
Iran
Life Sciences
Metals, Heavy - analysis
Monte Carlo simulation
Nutrition
Oil
Oncology
Optical emission spectroscopy
Plant Oils
Quotients
Rapeseed
Rapeseed Oil
Risk Assessment
Sesame oil
Spectrometry
Spectrum Analysis
Statistical methods
Sunflower oil
Vegetable oils
Vegetables
Zinc
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Summary:The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in vegetable oils using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was measured. Probabilistic non-carcinogenic risk in consumers was estimated using the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The highest content of PTEs was found in blend oil for As (0.39 ± 0.07 mg/L), in cold-pressed rapeseed oil for Cd and Cu (0.07 ± 0 and 0.40 ± 0.06 mg/L) respectively, in cold-pressed sunflower oil for Fe (0.15 ± 0.10 mg/L), in refined sesame oil for Ni and Pb (0.44 ± 0.07 and 0.65 ± 0.07 mg/L, respectively), and in cold-pressed sunflower and rapeseed oils for Zn (0.19 ± 0.04 mg/L). THQ in adults and children due to individual vegetable oils (cold-pressed and refined vegetable oil) was lower than 1 value. TTHQ in adults and children due to consumption of cold-pressed vegetable oils was 0.05 and 0.26, and also refined vegetable oil was 0.51 and 0.33, respectively. TTHQ due to consumption of both types of oils was less than 1; therefore, the population is not at risk of non-carcinogenicity.
ISSN:0163-4984
1559-0720
DOI:10.1007/s12011-022-03520-z