Thermodynamic Topology and Photon Spheres in the Hyperscaling violating black holes

It was shown that a standard ring of light can be imagined outside the event horizon for stationary rotating four-dimensional black holes with axial symmetry using the topological method\cite{001,002}. Based on this concept, in this paper, we investigate the topological charge and the conditions of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:arXiv.org 2023-12
Main Authors: Sadeghi, Jafar, Afshar, Mohammad Ali S, Saeed Noori Gashti, Alipour, Mohammad Reza
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Black holes
Energy methods
Event horizon
Free energy
Naked singularities
Parameters
Photons
Thermodynamics
Topology
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:It was shown that a standard ring of light can be imagined outside the event horizon for stationary rotating four-dimensional black holes with axial symmetry using the topological method\cite{001,002}. Based on this concept, in this paper, we investigate the topological charge and the conditions of existence of the photon sphere (PS) for a hyperscaling violation (HSV) black hole with various values of the parameters of this model. Then, after carrying out a detailed analysis, we show the conventional topological classes viz \(Q=-1\) for the mentioned black hole and \(Q=0\) for the naked singularities. \textit{Also, we propose a new topological class for naked singularities (Q=+1) with respect to \(z\geq1\). We also determined that \(z\geq2\), it either shows a naked singularity form with total topological charge \(+1\) or has no solution. Therefore, we have the black hole solution only in \(1\leq z
ISSN:2331-8422
DOI:10.48550/arxiv.2307.12873