Bayesian bilinear neural network for predicting the mid‐price dynamics in limit‐order book markets

• Published in: Journal of forecasting 2023-09, Vol.42 (6), p.1407-1428
• Main Authors: Magris, Martin, Shabani, Mostafa, Iosifidis, Alexandros
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bayesian analysis; Bayesian neural networks; bilinear neural network; Cognitive style; Econometrics; Feasibility; financial time‐series classification; limit‐order book; Markets; Neural networks; Optimization; Predictions
• ISSN: 0277-6693; 1099-131X
• DOI: 10.1002/for.2955

The prediction of financial markets is a challenging yet important task. In modern electronically driven markets, traditional time‐series econometric methods often appear incapable of capturing the true complexity of the multilevel interactions driving the price dynamics. While recent research has established the effectiveness of traditional machine learning (ML) models in financial applications, their intrinsic inability to deal with uncertainties, which is a great concern in econometrics research and real business applications, constitutes a major drawback. Bayesian methods naturally appear as a suitable remedy conveying the predictive ability of ML methods with the probabilistically oriented practice of econometric research. By adopting a state‐of‐the‐art second‐order optimization algorithm, we train a Bayesian bilinear neural network with temporal attention, suitable for the challenging time‐series task of predicting mid‐price movements in ultra‐high‐frequency limit‐order book markets. We thoroughly compare our Bayesian model with traditional ML alternatives by addressing the use of predictive distributions to analyze errors and uncertainties associated with the estimated parameters and model forecasts. Our results underline the feasibility of the Bayesian deep‐learning approach and its predictive and decisional advantages in complex econometric tasks, prompting future research in this direction.