Effective use of olive pulp as biomass additive for eco-grade TPU-based composites using functional surface modifiers

Olive pulp, which is formed 80% in the olive oil extraction process, attracts the attention of researchers with the zero waste project in Turkey. Our study aims to prove that olive pulp is not only a waste and can be used as a resource when used correctly as a filler in composite materials to provid...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomass conversion and biorefinery 2023-08, Vol.13 (13), p.12303-12318
Main Authors: Sismanoglu, Sedef, Tayfun, Umit, Popescu, Carmen-Mihaela, Kanbur, Yasin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biodegradation
Biotechnology
Composite materials
Energy
Fillers
Incompatibility
Olive oil
Original Article
Polyurethane resins
Renewable and Green Energy
Silanes
Thermodynamic properties
Thermomechanical properties
Urethane thermoplastic elastomers
Wear resistance
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Summary:Olive pulp, which is formed 80% in the olive oil extraction process, attracts the attention of researchers with the zero waste project in Turkey. Our study aims to prove that olive pulp is not only a waste and can be used as a resource when used correctly as a filler in composite materials to provide not only durable but also shorter biodegradation times for polymer-based composite materials. The surface modification process with 3 different silanes containing epoxy, vinyl, and amino groups was applied to the surface of olive pulp (OP) to solve the problem of surface incompatibility with eco-grade thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix. The oil portion of OP was removed before silane treatments. Surface functions and thermal properties of both modified and unmodified OP powder samples were evaluated by FTIR, SEM, and TGA techniques, respectively. TPU/OP composites were fabricated using melt-compounding process, and mechanical, thermomechanical, thermal, melt flow, wear, biodegradation, and morphological properties of composites were reported. According to test results, TPU/VS-OP (vinyl silanized olive pulp) composite showed the highest hardness and wear resistance values among all composites. Additionally, silane modifications led to remarkable improvements for mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical, and melt flow properties of composites thanks to the enhancement of compatibility and interface adhesion between OP and TPU phases. It seems that VS-OP containing composite sample displayed the highest results in most of the examined results. It has been shown that the addition of unmodified and modified OP filler to TPU caused to level of the biodegradation of pure TPU, and as a result, environmentally friendly composites have been produced.
ISSN:2190-6815
2190-6823
DOI:10.1007/s13399-021-01987-9