Investigation of growth, optical, thermal, mechanical, electrical, laser damage threshold properties of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium benzoate (3ATB) single crystals for nonlinear optical applications

• Published in: Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics 2023-08, Vol.34 (24), p.1714, Article 1714
• Main Authors: Sahaya Infant Lasalle, B., Senthil Pandian, M., Anitha, K., Ramasamy, P.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Benzoates; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemical etching; Chemistry and Materials Science; Crystal growth; Crystal lattices; Dielectric loss; Differential thermal analysis; Etch pits; Fourier transforms; Functional groups; Investigations; Laser damage; Lasers; Lattice parameters; Materials Science; Mathematical analysis; Neodymium lasers; Nonlinear optics; Optical and Electronic Materials; Optical properties; Photoconductivity; Room temperature; Semiconductor lasers; Single crystals; Size effects; Spectrum analysis; Stability analysis; Surface stability; Thermodynamic properties; YAG lasers; Yield point
• ISSN: 0957-4522; 1573-482X
• DOI: 10.1007/s10854-023-11112-3

The organic single crystal of 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazolium Benzoate (3ATB) was successfully grown by slow evaporation solution technique (SEST) at room temperature. The Lattice parameters of the grown crystal were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The optical quality of the grown crystal was identified by the UV–Visible–NIR spectrum analysis. The grown crystal has good optical transmittance in the range of 350–1100 nm. Various functional group of 3ATB single crystal were determined by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The thermal behaviour of the 3ATB crystal was investigated by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA). The photoconductivity study reveals that the grown crystal has negative photoconductive nature. Chemical etching study was carried out and the etch pit density (EPD) was calculated. The intermolecular interaction of 3ATB is executed by the Hirshfeld surface analysis. The mechanical stability of grown crystal was analyzed, and the indentation size effect (ISE) was explained by Hays–Kendall’s approach. The dielectric constant ( ε′ ) and dielectric loss (tan δ) as a function of frequency were measured for the grown crystal. The Laser damage threshold (LDT) analysis was investigated by Nd: YAG laser and the wavelength of laser is 1064 nm. The NLO susceptibility (χ (3) ) was calculated by the Z-scan method using the source of He–Ne laser, whose wavelength is 632.8 nm.