Reexamining Modified Labeling Theory: A Sample of Incarcerated Women With Mental Illness

• Published in: Criminal justice and behavior 2023-10, Vol.50 (10), p.1565-1583
• Main Authors: King, Sarah E., Smith, Hayden P.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Criminality; Decision making; Illnesses; Imprisonment; Interpersonal relations; Life history; Mental disorders; Prisoners; Prisons; Self concept; Self esteem; Stigma; Trauma; Women
• ISSN: 0093-8548; 1552-3594
• DOI: 10.1177/00938548231187419

The current study reexamines modified labeling theory with a sample of 15 women incarcerated in two medium-security prisons and who have a diagnosable mental illness. Life history calendars (LHC) were employed to document traumatic histories and a host of risks and needs. Qualitative findings indicate that these women negotiated labels of mental illness and incarceration. The labeling process, particularly self-concept, self-esteem, and stigma, emerged as driving forces for criminal behavior, dysfunctional interpersonal relationships, and decision-making. Participants negotiated the label of mental illness, while making meaning of early and continued trauma. These findings are explained with reference to trauma-informed care (TIC), improved staff training, and the role of language. This study offers evidence that labeling concepts may serve as a language foundation for providing trauma-informed services.