Combining the advantages of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and tetrazole enables achieving high-energy insensitive materials

• Published in: Dalton transactions : an international journal of inorganic chemistry 2023-09, Vol.52 (35), p.1244-1249
• Main Authors: Zhang, Chao, Xu, Mei-Qi, Dong, Wen-Shuai, Lu, Zu-Jia, Zhang, Han, Wu, Xiao-Wei, Li, Zhi-Min, Zhang, Jian-Guo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Azo compounds; Nitrogen; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Oxadiazoles; Single crystals; Tetrazoles; Thermal stability
• ISSN: 1477-9226; 1477-9234
• DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02079g

Combining the advantages of energetic heterocycles to achieve high-energy insensitive explosives is a significant challenge. Herein, based on high-energy tetrazole rings and highly stable 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings, a series of novel nitrogen rich energetic compounds 5-9 were successfully constructed. The related compounds were fully characterized by EA, FT-IR, NMR, DSC, and MS, and compounds 6-9 were further confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Among them, the energetic ion salts 6-8 show high thermal stability ( T dec > 250 °C) and low mechanical sensitivity (IS > 40 J, FS > 360 N), as well as good energy properties (7552-8050 m s −1 , 19.4-23.3 GPa). In particular, the azo compound 9 exhibits competent comprehensive performances ( T dec = 226.2 °C, D = 8502 m s −1 , P = 28.9 GPa, IS = 32 J, FS = 320 N). These results suggest that the strategy of integrating tetrazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole and employing an azo structure as a bridging unit are effective approaches to construct high-energy insensitive materials. Construction of tetrazoles and 1,3,4-oxadiazole and the introduction of an azo bridge have been performed to achieve high-energy insensitive compounds.