Nanomaterial‐Incorporated Membrane Distillation Membranes: Characteristics, Fabrication Techniques, and Applications

Membrane distillation (MD), a temperature‐driven membrane separation process, is used for various applications due to its less complicated design. MD operations encounter major issues such as permeate flux decrease, membrane fouling, and wetting. A lot of research has been conducted in the past year...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemical engineering & technology 2023-10, Vol.46 (10), p.1982-2006
Main Authors: Sawant, Shubham Rahul, Kalla, Sarita, Murthy, Z. V. P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Distillation
Fouling
Graphene
Hydrophobicity
Immersion coating
Membrane separation
Membranes
Metal oxides
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Permeability
Polymerization
Pore size
Porosity
Quantum dots
Thermal stability
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Summary:Membrane distillation (MD), a temperature‐driven membrane separation process, is used for various applications due to its less complicated design. MD operations encounter major issues such as permeate flux decrease, membrane fouling, and wetting. A lot of research has been conducted in the past years on the modification of MD membranes by incorporating nanomaterials to overcome these obstacles and considerably increase their performance. Nanomaterials incorporated into the membranes improve the water permeability, mechanical strength, and fouling. The incorporation of next‐generation nanomaterials like metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon‐based nanomaterials, graphene‐based membranes, quantum dots, and metal‐organic frameworks in the MD membranes is investigated. Essential membrane properties for MD operations are comprehensively studied, including higher liquid entry pressure, permeability, porosity, hydrophobicity, thermal stability, mean pore size, and low fouling rate. Significant advances in the application of nanomaterials to the modification of MD membranes as well as other membrane fabrication techniques adopted for the incorporation of nanoparticles like surface grafting, interfacial polymerization, plasma polymerization, and dip coating are reviewed. Important future aspects are discussed.
ISSN:0930-7516
1521-4125
DOI:10.1002/ceat.202300054