Non-Hermitian superfluid--Mott-insulator transition in the one-dimensional zigzag bosonic chains

• Published in: arXiv.org 2023-09
• Main Authors: Li, Chengxi, Wu, Yubiao, Wu-Ming, Liu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Dissipation; Dynamic response; Fluids; Liquid phases; Optical lattices; Phase transitions; Response functions; Superfluidity; Symmetry
• ISSN: 2331-8422

We investigated the behavior of non-Hermitian bosonic gases with Hubbard interactions in the one-dimensional zigzag optical lattices through the calculation of dynamic response functions. Our findings showed the existence of a non-Hermitian quantum phase transition that is dependent on the pseudo-Hermitian symmetry. The system tends to exhibit a superfluid phase, when subjected to weak dissipation. While under strong dissipation, the pseudo-Hermitian symmetry of the system is partially broken, leading to a transition towards a normal liquid phase. As the dissipation increases beyond the critical threshold, the pseudo-Hermitian symmetry is completely broken, resulting in a Mott-insulator phase. We propose an experimental setup using one-dimensional zigzag optical lattices containing two-electron atoms to realize this system. Our research emphasizes the key role of non-Hermiticity in quantum phase transitions and offers a new theoretical framework as well as experimental methods for understanding the behavior of dissipative quantum systems, implicating significant development of new quantum devices and technologies.