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A sustainable valorization of Kenaf stalk by maleic acid pretreatment towards lignin-based sunscreens preparation and papermaking
Lignin has a UV-blocking ability because it contains phenolic and ketone functional groups. However, the lignin produced in the paper industry undergoes extreme polycondensation, resulting in an extremely dark color, which impedes its value-added application in the field of UV-blocking cosmetics. In...
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| Published in: | Cellulose (London) 2023-10, Vol.30 (15), p.9725-9739 |
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| creator | Lyu, Yingren Ji, Hairui Ji, Xingxiang Tian, Zhongjian Zhang, Fengshan |
| description | Lignin has a UV-blocking ability because it contains phenolic and ketone functional groups. However, the lignin produced in the paper industry undergoes extreme polycondensation, resulting in an extremely dark color, which impedes its value-added application in the field of UV-blocking cosmetics. In this study, maleic acid (MA) was used as a green and recyclable reagent to pretreat an agricultural waste lignocellulosic biomass,
Kenaf
stalk. Lignin underwent a carboxyl esterification reaction with MA to produce light-colored dissolved lignin (DL), which was further prepared into lignin nanospheres and used in lignin-based sunscreens. The results showed that when adding 5 wt% DL-lignin nanospheres (DL-LNPs) to a sunscreen with an actual measured sun protection factor (SPF) of 7.05, the SPF of the lignin-based sunscreen increased to 63.82 far exceeding the commercially available SPF 50 sunscreens. The prepared lignin-based sunscreen had good biocompatibility when applied to human skin and did not stain the skin. The remaining neutral solid after pretreatment was made into
Kenaf
fibers by PFI milling for papermaking. The ring crush strength index of the paper increased from 2.81 N m/g to 3.14 N m/g when 15 wt%
Kenaf
fibers was added to the softwood pulp. When the additions
Kenaf
fibers was 5 wt%, the tensile index and tearing index of the paper increased from 8.57 N m/g and 4.68 mN m
2
/g to 9.22 N m/g and 5.48 mN m
2
/g, respectively. Therefore, this study provides a new way for the value-added utilization of
Kenaf
stalk lignocellulosic biomass.
Graphical abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10570-023-05468-2 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2869379768</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2869379768</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c303t-5cd879978c454e0de61089f8d261d64074d5cb8d6cbb8c8ab7f2bc6d626eb4bb3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc2KFTEQhYMoeB19AVcBN25a89Odn-Uw6CgOuFFwFypJ9SUz3ek26auMO9_cXFsQXLiqRX3foahDyHPOXnHG9OvK2aBZx4Ts2NAr04kH5MAHLTpjxJeH5MCssue1fUye1HrLGLNa8AP5eUnrqW6QMvgJ6TeYlpJ-wJaWTJeRfsAMI2376Y76ezrDhClQCCnSteBWELYZ80a35TuUWOmUjjnlzkPF2IJzDQUx1zO8QtljITcZViwz3KV8fEoejTBVfPZnXpDPb998unrX3Xy8fn91edMFyeTWDSEaba02oR96ZBEVZ8aOJgrFo-qZ7uMQvIkqeG-CAa9H4YOKSij0vffygrzcc9eyfD1h3dycasBpgozLqTrJB8mtMUo29MU_6O1yKrld54RRVmqrlWmU2KlQlloLjm4taYZy7zhz51bc3oprb3e_W3GiSXKXaoPzEcvf6P9YvwCQ1JLO</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2869379768</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A sustainable valorization of Kenaf stalk by maleic acid pretreatment towards lignin-based sunscreens preparation and papermaking</title><source>Springer Nature</source><creator>Lyu, Yingren ; Ji, Hairui ; Ji, Xingxiang ; Tian, Zhongjian ; Zhang, Fengshan</creator><creatorcontrib>Lyu, Yingren ; Ji, Hairui ; Ji, Xingxiang ; Tian, Zhongjian ; Zhang, Fengshan</creatorcontrib><description>Lignin has a UV-blocking ability because it contains phenolic and ketone functional groups. However, the lignin produced in the paper industry undergoes extreme polycondensation, resulting in an extremely dark color, which impedes its value-added application in the field of UV-blocking cosmetics. In this study, maleic acid (MA) was used as a green and recyclable reagent to pretreat an agricultural waste lignocellulosic biomass,
Kenaf
stalk. Lignin underwent a carboxyl esterification reaction with MA to produce light-colored dissolved lignin (DL), which was further prepared into lignin nanospheres and used in lignin-based sunscreens. The results showed that when adding 5 wt% DL-lignin nanospheres (DL-LNPs) to a sunscreen with an actual measured sun protection factor (SPF) of 7.05, the SPF of the lignin-based sunscreen increased to 63.82 far exceeding the commercially available SPF 50 sunscreens. The prepared lignin-based sunscreen had good biocompatibility when applied to human skin and did not stain the skin. The remaining neutral solid after pretreatment was made into
Kenaf
fibers by PFI milling for papermaking. The ring crush strength index of the paper increased from 2.81 N m/g to 3.14 N m/g when 15 wt%
Kenaf
fibers was added to the softwood pulp. When the additions
Kenaf
fibers was 5 wt%, the tensile index and tearing index of the paper increased from 8.57 N m/g and 4.68 mN m
2
/g to 9.22 N m/g and 5.48 mN m
2
/g, respectively. Therefore, this study provides a new way for the value-added utilization of
Kenaf
stalk lignocellulosic biomass.
Graphical abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 0969-0239</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1572-882X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10570-023-05468-2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Agricultural wastes ; Biocompatibility ; Biomass ; Bioorganic Chemistry ; cellulose ; Ceramics ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; color ; Composites ; condensation reactions ; Cosmetics ; Esterification ; Extreme values ; Fibers ; Functional groups ; Glass ; Kenaf ; Ketones ; Lignin ; Lignocellulose ; Maleic acid ; Nanospheres ; Natural Materials ; Organic Chemistry ; Original Research ; Papermaking ; Physical Chemistry ; Polymer Sciences ; Pretreatment ; pulp ; pulp and paper industry ; Reagents ; skin (animal) ; softwood ; Sun screens ; Sunscreen ; sunscreens ; Sustainable Development ; value added</subject><ispartof>Cellulose (London), 2023-10, Vol.30 (15), p.9725-9739</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c303t-5cd879978c454e0de61089f8d261d64074d5cb8d6cbb8c8ab7f2bc6d626eb4bb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lyu, Yingren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ji, Hairui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ji, Xingxiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Zhongjian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Fengshan</creatorcontrib><title>A sustainable valorization of Kenaf stalk by maleic acid pretreatment towards lignin-based sunscreens preparation and papermaking</title><title>Cellulose (London)</title><addtitle>Cellulose</addtitle><description>Lignin has a UV-blocking ability because it contains phenolic and ketone functional groups. However, the lignin produced in the paper industry undergoes extreme polycondensation, resulting in an extremely dark color, which impedes its value-added application in the field of UV-blocking cosmetics. In this study, maleic acid (MA) was used as a green and recyclable reagent to pretreat an agricultural waste lignocellulosic biomass,
Kenaf
stalk. Lignin underwent a carboxyl esterification reaction with MA to produce light-colored dissolved lignin (DL), which was further prepared into lignin nanospheres and used in lignin-based sunscreens. The results showed that when adding 5 wt% DL-lignin nanospheres (DL-LNPs) to a sunscreen with an actual measured sun protection factor (SPF) of 7.05, the SPF of the lignin-based sunscreen increased to 63.82 far exceeding the commercially available SPF 50 sunscreens. The prepared lignin-based sunscreen had good biocompatibility when applied to human skin and did not stain the skin. The remaining neutral solid after pretreatment was made into
Kenaf
fibers by PFI milling for papermaking. The ring crush strength index of the paper increased from 2.81 N m/g to 3.14 N m/g when 15 wt%
Kenaf
fibers was added to the softwood pulp. When the additions
Kenaf
fibers was 5 wt%, the tensile index and tearing index of the paper increased from 8.57 N m/g and 4.68 mN m
2
/g to 9.22 N m/g and 5.48 mN m
2
/g, respectively. Therefore, this study provides a new way for the value-added utilization of
Kenaf
stalk lignocellulosic biomass.
Graphical abstract</description><subject>Agricultural wastes</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Bioorganic Chemistry</subject><subject>cellulose</subject><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>color</subject><subject>Composites</subject><subject>condensation reactions</subject><subject>Cosmetics</subject><subject>Esterification</subject><subject>Extreme values</subject><subject>Fibers</subject><subject>Functional groups</subject><subject>Glass</subject><subject>Kenaf</subject><subject>Ketones</subject><subject>Lignin</subject><subject>Lignocellulose</subject><subject>Maleic acid</subject><subject>Nanospheres</subject><subject>Natural Materials</subject><subject>Organic Chemistry</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Papermaking</subject><subject>Physical Chemistry</subject><subject>Polymer Sciences</subject><subject>Pretreatment</subject><subject>pulp</subject><subject>pulp and paper industry</subject><subject>Reagents</subject><subject>skin (animal)</subject><subject>softwood</subject><subject>Sun screens</subject><subject>Sunscreen</subject><subject>sunscreens</subject><subject>Sustainable Development</subject><subject>value added</subject><issn>0969-0239</issn><issn>1572-882X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kc2KFTEQhYMoeB19AVcBN25a89Odn-Uw6CgOuFFwFypJ9SUz3ek26auMO9_cXFsQXLiqRX3foahDyHPOXnHG9OvK2aBZx4Ts2NAr04kH5MAHLTpjxJeH5MCssue1fUye1HrLGLNa8AP5eUnrqW6QMvgJ6TeYlpJ-wJaWTJeRfsAMI2376Y76ezrDhClQCCnSteBWELYZ80a35TuUWOmUjjnlzkPF2IJzDQUx1zO8QtljITcZViwz3KV8fEoejTBVfPZnXpDPb998unrX3Xy8fn91edMFyeTWDSEaba02oR96ZBEVZ8aOJgrFo-qZ7uMQvIkqeG-CAa9H4YOKSij0vffygrzcc9eyfD1h3dycasBpgozLqTrJB8mtMUo29MU_6O1yKrld54RRVmqrlWmU2KlQlloLjm4taYZy7zhz51bc3oprb3e_W3GiSXKXaoPzEcvf6P9YvwCQ1JLO</recordid><startdate>20231001</startdate><enddate>20231001</enddate><creator>Lyu, Yingren</creator><creator>Ji, Hairui</creator><creator>Ji, Xingxiang</creator><creator>Tian, Zhongjian</creator><creator>Zhang, Fengshan</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20231001</creationdate><title>A sustainable valorization of Kenaf stalk by maleic acid pretreatment towards lignin-based sunscreens preparation and papermaking</title><author>Lyu, Yingren ; Ji, Hairui ; Ji, Xingxiang ; Tian, Zhongjian ; Zhang, Fengshan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c303t-5cd879978c454e0de61089f8d261d64074d5cb8d6cbb8c8ab7f2bc6d626eb4bb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Agricultural wastes</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Bioorganic Chemistry</topic><topic>cellulose</topic><topic>Ceramics</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>color</topic><topic>Composites</topic><topic>condensation reactions</topic><topic>Cosmetics</topic><topic>Esterification</topic><topic>Extreme values</topic><topic>Fibers</topic><topic>Functional groups</topic><topic>Glass</topic><topic>Kenaf</topic><topic>Ketones</topic><topic>Lignin</topic><topic>Lignocellulose</topic><topic>Maleic acid</topic><topic>Nanospheres</topic><topic>Natural Materials</topic><topic>Organic Chemistry</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Papermaking</topic><topic>Physical Chemistry</topic><topic>Polymer Sciences</topic><topic>Pretreatment</topic><topic>pulp</topic><topic>pulp and paper industry</topic><topic>Reagents</topic><topic>skin (animal)</topic><topic>softwood</topic><topic>Sun screens</topic><topic>Sunscreen</topic><topic>sunscreens</topic><topic>Sustainable Development</topic><topic>value added</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lyu, Yingren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ji, Hairui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ji, Xingxiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Zhongjian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Fengshan</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>https://resources.nclive.org/materials</collection><collection>Materials science collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cellulose (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lyu, Yingren</au><au>Ji, Hairui</au><au>Ji, Xingxiang</au><au>Tian, Zhongjian</au><au>Zhang, Fengshan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A sustainable valorization of Kenaf stalk by maleic acid pretreatment towards lignin-based sunscreens preparation and papermaking</atitle><jtitle>Cellulose (London)</jtitle><stitle>Cellulose</stitle><date>2023-10-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>9725</spage><epage>9739</epage><pages>9725-9739</pages><issn>0969-0239</issn><eissn>1572-882X</eissn><abstract>Lignin has a UV-blocking ability because it contains phenolic and ketone functional groups. However, the lignin produced in the paper industry undergoes extreme polycondensation, resulting in an extremely dark color, which impedes its value-added application in the field of UV-blocking cosmetics. In this study, maleic acid (MA) was used as a green and recyclable reagent to pretreat an agricultural waste lignocellulosic biomass,
Kenaf
stalk. Lignin underwent a carboxyl esterification reaction with MA to produce light-colored dissolved lignin (DL), which was further prepared into lignin nanospheres and used in lignin-based sunscreens. The results showed that when adding 5 wt% DL-lignin nanospheres (DL-LNPs) to a sunscreen with an actual measured sun protection factor (SPF) of 7.05, the SPF of the lignin-based sunscreen increased to 63.82 far exceeding the commercially available SPF 50 sunscreens. The prepared lignin-based sunscreen had good biocompatibility when applied to human skin and did not stain the skin. The remaining neutral solid after pretreatment was made into
Kenaf
fibers by PFI milling for papermaking. The ring crush strength index of the paper increased from 2.81 N m/g to 3.14 N m/g when 15 wt%
Kenaf
fibers was added to the softwood pulp. When the additions
Kenaf
fibers was 5 wt%, the tensile index and tearing index of the paper increased from 8.57 N m/g and 4.68 mN m
2
/g to 9.22 N m/g and 5.48 mN m
2
/g, respectively. Therefore, this study provides a new way for the value-added utilization of
Kenaf
stalk lignocellulosic biomass.
Graphical abstract</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s10570-023-05468-2</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Cellulose (London), 2023-10, Vol.30 (15), p.9725-9739 |
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| subjects | Agricultural wastes Biocompatibility Biomass Bioorganic Chemistry cellulose Ceramics Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science color Composites condensation reactions Cosmetics Esterification Extreme values Fibers Functional groups Glass Kenaf Ketones Lignin Lignocellulose Maleic acid Nanospheres Natural Materials Organic Chemistry Original Research Papermaking Physical Chemistry Polymer Sciences Pretreatment pulp pulp and paper industry Reagents skin (animal) softwood Sun screens Sunscreen sunscreens Sustainable Development value added |
| title | A sustainable valorization of Kenaf stalk by maleic acid pretreatment towards lignin-based sunscreens preparation and papermaking |
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