Diversity and Pathogenicity of the Fusarium Fungi Occurred in Soybean Mycobiota

• Published in: Russian agricultural sciences 2023, Vol.49 (4), p.368-373
• Main Authors: Gavrilova, O. P., Orina, A. S., Gagkaeva, T. Yu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agriculture; Biochemical characteristics; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; Colonies; Cultivars; Cultural characteristics; Elongation; Fungi; Fungiculture; Fusarium; Leaves; Life Sciences; Necrosis; Pathogenicity; Pathogens; Phylogeny; Physical characteristics; Plant Biochemistry; Plant Breeding; Plant Protection; Seeds; Soybeans; Species composition; Stems; Sucrose; Translation elongation
• ISSN: 1068-3674; 1934-8037
• DOI: 10.3103/S1068367423040067

The aim of the present study was to reveal the species composition of Fusarium fungi found in soybean mycobiota from the various regions of Russia, as well as to describe the physiological and biochemical characteristics of strains. The taxonomic status of 21 Fusarium strains isolated from seeds, stems and roots of soybean plants was clarified in consequence of the phylogenetic analysis of the fragment of translation elongation factor EF-1α gene. Five fungal species have been identified: F. oxysporum (11 strains), F. equiseti (4), F. proliferatum (3), F. solani (2), as well one strain of F. commune, which was found for the first time in soybean mycobiota in Russia. The morphological and cultural characteristics of the strains and their pathogenicity to leaves of two soybean cultivars in the laboratory conditions were also analyzed. At the cultivation of Fusarium fungi on potato-sucrose agar medium, the optimal temperature range for the growth of all isolates has been established as 25–30°C, at which the largest colony diameter 68.5–74.0 mm was found in F. equiseti and F. commune strains, and the smallest colonies (49.5–55.8 mm) was detected in F. solani strains. Three F. oxysporum strains and one F. commune strain, isolated from the stems, were characterized by high pathogenicity to leaves of two soybean cultivars. These strains caused the necrosis of leaves of cv. Isidor in the range of average length 16.7–21.7 mm, and the necrosis of leaves of cv. Selecta 201 in the range of 10.7–23.3 mm. At the same time, the most of Fusarium strains (52–67% depending on the soybean cultivar) were non-pathogenic. A high intraspecific variability of pathogenicity to soybean leaves was noted among F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum strains.