The chemical process of producing activated carbon using walnut shells and plastic wastes

In this work, the chemical preparation of activated carbon ( AC ) using walnut shell ( WS ) and plastic wastes (primarily consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene) as feedstocks and chemical activators (KOH and NaOH) was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. Thermogravimetric analys...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 2023-10, Vol.148 (19), p.10125-10138
Main Authors: Bazgir, Hosein, Rostami, Mohammad Reza, Tavakkol, Salar, Issaabadi, Zahra, Shirazi, Hamed Mohamadzadeh, Goshayeshi, Bahman, Van Geem, Kevin M., Haghighi, Mehdi Nekoomanesh, Abbas-Abadi, Mehrdad Seifali
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activated carbon
Alkenes
Analytical Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Degradation
Inorganic Chemistry
Iodine
Measurement Science and Instrumentation
Physical Chemistry
Plastic scrap
Plastics
Polyethylene
Polymer Sciences
Polystyrene resins
Pyrolysis
Thermogravimetric analysis
Walnuts
Wastes
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Summary:In this work, the chemical preparation of activated carbon ( AC ) using walnut shell ( WS ) and plastic wastes (primarily consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene) as feedstocks and chemical activators (KOH and NaOH) was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) (TGA) was used to carbonize WS together with plastic waste. Furthermore, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, FTIR, dye adsorption, iodine number, and SEM experiments were applied to characterize the obtained AC s. The results indicated that the polyolefinic waste acted as insulation and controlled the energy reaching WS particles to a certain extent. In addition, the reactive pyrolysis products of plastics such as styrene and light olefins reacted with the unstable structure of WS and intensified the secondary reactions during the carbonization process. Secondary reactions led to the creation of new structures that were clearly visible in the FTIR spectra. Also, the results indicated that the participation of plastics in secondary reactions has led to an increase in AC production. Furthermore, during the activation process, plastics have led to a significant increase in the surface area and volume of pores. The curve of WS degradation together with plastic waste showed that plastics have slowed down the WS degradation, as indicated by the slope of the degradation graph has clearly decreased. Graphical abstract
ISSN:1388-6150
1588-2926
DOI:10.1007/s10973-023-12364-1