Remote Sensing Retrieval of Water Clarity in Clear Oceanic to Extremely Turbid Coastal Waters From Multiple Spaceborne Sensors

Water clarity ( {Z} _{\text {SD}} ) is a critical water quality parameter that requires remote sensing mapping. Although great progress has been made in {Z} _{\text {SD}} retrieval over clear waters during past decades, challenges remain over turbid waters. To address this issue, a new model was p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing 2023, Vol.61, p.1-18
Main Authors: Xiang, Jinzhao, Cui, Tingwei, Qing, Song, Liu, Rongjie, Chen, Yanlong, Mu, Bing, Zhang, Xiaobo, Zhao, Wenjing, Ma, Yi, Zhang, Jie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
ater clarity
Attenuation coefficients
Biological system modeling
Clarity
Coastal waters
Data models
Extinction coefficient
Marine ecology
Multiple spaceborne sensors
ocean color
Oceans
Optical imaging
Optical sensors
optical water classification
Parameterization
Piers
Reflectance
Remote sensing
Retrieval
Satellite imagery
Sea measurements
semianalytical algorithms
Sensors
Spatial distribution
Sustainability management
turbid water
Water quality
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Summary:Water clarity ( {Z} _{\text {SD}} ) is a critical water quality parameter that requires remote sensing mapping. Although great progress has been made in {Z} _{\text {SD}} retrieval over clear waters during past decades, challenges remain over turbid waters. To address this issue, a new model was proposed to retrieve {Z} _{\text {SD}} in clear oceanic to extremely turbid coastal waters by improving the {Z} _{\text {SD}} retrieval in turbid waters. First, waters were optically classified into three classes (clear, moderately turbid, and extremely turbid waters) with a band ratio of remote sensing reflectance [ {R} _{\text {rs}} ( \lambda )] {f} ={R}_{\text {rs}} (670)/ {R} _{\text {rs}} (490). Second, class-specific algorithms were adopted to retrieve the spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient {K} _{d} ( \lambda ) from {R} _{\text {rs}} ( \lambda ). Finally, {Z} _{\text {SD}} was semianalytically estimated from minimum {K} _{d} ( \lambda ) in the visible domain. Data from oceanic and coastal waters ( {N} = 2260) were used for the model parameterization, test, and validation. To demonstrate the model's applicability to major satellite sensors, 1299 images from six spaceborne sensors were matched up with independent in situ {Z} _{\text {SD}} (
ISSN:0196-2892
1558-0644
DOI:10.1109/TGRS.2023.3318590