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Snow/Ice Melt, Precipitation, and Groundwater Contribute to the Sutlej River System

This study examines the proportional contribution of snow/ice melt, rainfall, and groundwater to Sutlej River discharge at various locations. Sutlej River is a major tributary of the Indus River system and an important water supply source for irrigation through the canal network in northwest India....

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Published in:Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2023-11, Vol.234 (11), p.719, Article 719
Main Authors: Joshi, Suneel Kumar, Swarnkar, Somil, Shukla, Sandeep, Kumar, Sudhir, Jain, Sanjay, Gautam, Sneha
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description This study examines the proportional contribution of snow/ice melt, rainfall, and groundwater to Sutlej River discharge at various locations. Sutlej River is a major tributary of the Indus River system and an important water supply source for irrigation through the canal network in northwest India. Here, we used hydrograph separation and associated uncertainty and applied the snowmelt runoff model (SNOWMOD) to estimate the contribution from different water sources to the Sutlej River. We used δ 18 O and electrical conductivity values of different waters for the hydrograph-separation approach. The first-order Gaussian error propagation and Monte-Carlo simulation are used to assess the accuracy. The estimated contribution at Rampur is ~ 62.7% (snow/ice melt), 18.7% (rainfall), and ~ 18.4% (groundwater); for Ropar is 59 ± 2% (snow/ice melt), 23 ± 2% (rainfall), and 18 ± 2% (groundwater); and for Yusufpur, 25 ± 3% (snow/ice melt), 39 ± 3% (rainfall), and 36 ± 2% (groundwater) during July–December 2013. The findings from the hydrograph-separation and SNOWMOD analysis established a fundamental understanding of the hydrological processes in the Sutlej River system, providing valuable baseline data essential for developing sustainable water resource management strategies.
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ispartof Water, air, and soil pollution, 2023-11, Vol.234 (11), p.719, Article 719
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subjects Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Baseline studies
Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts
Earth and Environmental Science
Electrical conductivity
Electrical resistivity
Environment
Environmental monitoring
Groundwater
Hydrogeology
Hydrographs
Hydrologic models
Ice
Ice melting
Irrigation water
Management
Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo simulation
Precipitation
Rain and rainfall
Rainfall
Resource management
River discharge
River flow
Rivers
Runoff
Separation
Snow
Snowmelt
Soil Science & Conservation
Water
Water Quality/Water Pollution
Water resources
Water resources management
Water supply
Water, Underground
title Snow/Ice Melt, Precipitation, and Groundwater Contribute to the Sutlej River System
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