Genotypic variation in cadmium uptake and accumulation among fine-aroma cacao genotypes from northern Peru: a model hydroponic culture study

• Published in: Environmental pollutants & bioavailability 2023-12, Vol.35 (1)
• Main Authors: Meléndez-Mori, Jegnes Benjamín, Guerrero-Abad, Juan C., Tejada-Alvarado, José Jesús, Ayala-Tocto, Rosmery Y., Oliva, Manuel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accumulation; Aroma; Bioaccumulation; Breeding; Cadmium; Chocolate; Cocoa; Crops; Genotype & phenotype; Genotypes; Heavy metals; Hydroponics; International trade; Leaves; Odour; Plant tissues; Polynomials; Seeds; Translocation; Uptake
• ISSN: 2639-5932; 2639-5940
• DOI: 10.1080/26395940.2023.2287710

The regulation established by the European Union regarding cadmium (Cd) is hindering the global trade of cocoa and cocoa products. The objective was to investigate the variation in Cd uptake and accumulation in plants of five genotypes of ‘fine-aroma’ cocoa grown under hydroponic conditions with the addition of 20 µmol of CdCl2. Our results showed that Cd uptake, translocation, and accumulation at leaf and root tissue levels varied significantly among genotypes. Cd accumulation in the root system was manifested after 24 h of cultivation exposed to Cd, with concentrations ranging from 72.40 mg kg−1 and 112.24 mg kg−1. Polynomial analysis showed a clear relationship between Cd accumulation and plant exposure time. It was observed the INDES 38 genotype is the most promising for future breeding programs because despite high Cd accumulation in its roots (156.75 ± 0.90 mg kg−1), the amount of metal transferred to leaves was low.