Incivility Indicators Instrument (i3): Development and Initial Validation

Academic incivility can create divisiveness and affect learners’ sustainability towards degree attainment. Therefore, there is a need to empirically assess learner views on what constitutes academic incivility in higher education. To fill this gap, we developed the Incivility Indicators Instrument (...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of academic ethics 2023-12, Vol.21 (4), p.669-684
Main Authors: Campbell, Laurie O., Frawley, Caitlin, Tinstman Jones, Jessica L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Academic Persistence
Administration
Adults
Antisocial Behavior
College Students
Education
Ethics
Factor Analysis
Factor Structure
Higher education
Organization and Leadership
Student Behavior
Test Construction
Test Validity
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Summary:Academic incivility can create divisiveness and affect learners’ sustainability towards degree attainment. Therefore, there is a need to empirically assess learner views on what constitutes academic incivility in higher education. To fill this gap, we developed the Incivility Indicators Instrument ( i 3 ), a multifaceted scale that measures the extent to which students view cumulative behaviors and dynamics as instances of academic incivility. To examine the reliability and factor structure of the i 3 , we conducted a two-part study with two samples of adults in the United States who were enrolled in higher education programs. In study 1 ( N  = 342), we conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and found the initial three-factor structure. In study 2, we administered the instrument to a validating sample ( N  = 510) and examined the stability of the three-factor model and scores through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In this study, we describe the results of the study, provide implications, and discuss future directions.
ISSN:1570-1727
1572-8544
DOI:10.1007/s10805-023-09477-5