Variations of the Kjeldahl method for assessing nitrogen concentration in tropical forages

• Published in: Grass and forage science 2023-12, Vol.78 (4), p.648-654
• Main Authors: Quirino, Daiana Francisca, Lima, Nicole Stephane Abreu, Palma, Malber Nathan Nobre, Franco, Marcia, Detmann, Edenio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acid digestion; Catalysts; Copper; Copper sulfate; crude protein; Digestion; Distillation; Dumas method; Forage; Hydrochloric acid; Kjeldahl method; Methods; Nitrogen; nitrogen recovery; Recovery; Ruminant nutrition; Salicylic acid; Sodium hydroxide; Sodium sulfate; Steam distillation; Sulfates; Titanium; Titanium dioxide; Titration
• ISSN: 0142-5242; 1365-2494
• DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12641

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important components of feeds and its quantification allows estimating protein equivalents, an important characteristic for diet formulation in ruminant nutrition. We aimed to evaluate N recovery in tropical forages using the Kjeldahl method with modifications involving a pre‐digestion step with salicylic acid and, or a partial replacement of copper sulfate by titanium dioxide as a catalyst. Forty‐eight study materials (i.e., tropical forages) were evaluated. Kjeldahl standard procedure was based on acid digestion with sodium sulfate and copper sulfate (20:1), followed by steam distillation in sodium hydroxide and titration with hydrochloric acid. The Kjeldahl variations were: salicylic acid as pre‐treatment before digestion, titanium dioxide replacing 50% of copper sulfate as catalyst in the digestion mixture, and salicylic acid and titanium as described above. The Dumas method was used as standard method to verify N recovery through Kjeldahl procedures. The N concentrations of the study materials (Dumas method) ranged from 1.9 to 28.3 g/kg as‐is. We found that all the methods were strongly and positively associated with each other (p