8 The Dunning-Kruger Effect on a Latinx Population

• Published in: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2023-11, Vol.29 (s1), p.423-424
• Main Authors: Castaneda, Carolina Garza, Wright, Matthew J., Cervantes, Raymundo, Victor, Tara L., Smith, Krissy E., McElwee, Chelsea, Cuello, Adriana, Fernandez, Alberto L., Munoz, Isabel D. C., Hardy, David J., Lopez-Hernandez, Daniel W.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bilingualism; Cognitive ability; Drug/Toxin-Related Disorders (including Alcohol); Poster Session 05: Neuroimaging | Neurophysiology | Neurostimulation | Technology | Cross Cultural | Multiculturalism | Career Development; Traumatic brain injury; Workloads
• ISSN: 1355-6177; 1469-7661
• DOI: 10.1017/S1355617723005593

Objective:Individuals tend to overestimate their abilities in areas where they are less competent. This cognitive bias is known as the Dunning-Krueger effect. Research shows that Dunning-Krueger effect occurs in persons with traumatic brain injury and healthy comparison participants. It was suggested by Walker and colleagues (2017) that the deficits in cognitive awareness may be due to brain injury. Confrontational naming tasks (e.g., Boston Naming Test) are used to evaluate language abilities. The Cordoba Naming Test (CNT) is a 30-item confrontational naming task developed to be administered in multiple languages. Hardy and Wright (2018) conditionally validated a measure of perceived mental workload called the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). They found that workload ratings on the NASA-TLX increased with increased task demands on a cognitive task. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the Dunning-Kruger effect occurs in a Latinx population and possible factors driving individuals to overestimate their abilities on the CNT. We predicted the low-performance group would report better CNT performance, but underperform on the CNT compared to the high-performance group.Participants and Methods:The sample consisted of 129 Latinx participants with a mean age of 21.07 (SD = 4.57). Participants were neurologically and psychologically healthy. Our sample was divided into two groups: the low-performance group and the high-performance group. Participants completed the CNT and the NASA-TLX in English. The NASA-TLX examines perceived workload (e.g., performance) and it was used in the present study to evaluate possible factors driving individuals to overestimate their abilities on the CNT. Participants completed the NASA-TLX after completing the CNT. Moreover, the CNT raw scores were averaged to create the following two groups: low-performance (CNT raw score