Studying the Wilson Effect from the Analysis of Averaged Sunspot Shapes

Based on the method of averaging the shape of sunspots identified in the HMI/SDO images in the 2010–2022 period, an analysis was made of the relative position of sunspot nuclei during their passage across the solar disk. To do this, in different ranges of sunspot areas, we constructed averaged bound...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 2023-12, Vol.63 (7), p.996-999
Main Authors: Tlatova, K. A., Tlatov, A. G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Boundaries
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Geophysics/Geodesy
Hemispheres
Nuclei
Photosphere
Sunspots
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Summary:Based on the method of averaging the shape of sunspots identified in the HMI/SDO images in the 2010–2022 period, an analysis was made of the relative position of sunspot nuclei during their passage across the solar disk. To do this, in different ranges of sunspot areas, we constructed averaged boundaries of the photosphere-penumbra and the core-penumbra. We then tracked changes in sunspot shape at various distances from the center of the disk in the eastern and western hemispheres. A shift of the boundary of sunspot nuclei to the western edge of the sunspot has been observed. The relative value of the shift increases with the area of sunspots. We estimated the value of the Wilson depression for sunspots of various sizes. The magnitude of the depression varies from 100 km for small sunspots to 1000 km for large sunspots. There is some imbalance of the Wilson depression near the eastern and western boundaries of the core-penumbra, depending on the area of the sunspots and their latitude.
ISSN:0016-7932
1555-645X
0016-7940
DOI:10.1134/S0016793223070228