MSHRP: Mobile Sink Based Limited Hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

• Published in: Wireless personal communications 2023-11, Vol.133 (1), p.93-118
• Main Authors: Dholey, Milan Kumar, Sinha, Ditipriya, Mukherjee, Sankar, Das, Ayan Kumar, Sahana, Sudip Kumar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Communications Engineering; Computer Communication Networks; Energy consumption; Engineering; Mobility management; Networks; Nodes; Routing (telecommunications); Sensors; Signal,Image and Speech Processing; Wireless sensor networks
• ISSN: 0929-6212; 1572-834X
• DOI: 10.1007/s11277-023-10752-2

In a wireless sensor network, sensor nodes can send data to the sink directly or through some intermediate nodes. The nearby nodes of the sinks are heavily loaded and thus exhaust energy more rapidly and create a hotspot problem in the network. Mobile sink nodes enable the sensor network to enhance its lifetime. In this paper, a routing protocol is proposed and considers more than one number of mobile sinks in the network. Here, two different types of sink movements (Random Sink Movement) and (Circular Sink Movement) is proposed. The first one is based on the random waypoint model, whereas, in the second one, the sinks move in a circular path. The sink nodes broadcast their mobility information into the network during movement in regular intervals to make aware of the sensor nodes regarding sinks availability. The sinks node mobility information helps the sensor nodes to discover the most energy efficient and delay tolerant path towards the sink node. Simulation results show that our proposed MSHRP routing algorithm can reduce the hotspot problem and lengthen the network lifetime. Further an improvement is observed on the performance in comparison with the existing protocols in terms of energy consumption, end-to-end delay, node lifetime, and average hop distance to sink. The proposed RSM model reduces the energy consumption by 51.56 percent,43.3 percent and 20 percent respectively than RBR, PEGASIS and EPEGASIS. Similarly, the proposed CSM model reduces the energy consumption by 67.8 percent, 62.11 percent and 46.7 percent as compared to RBR,PEGASIS and EPEGASIS respectively.