State primary voltage standard of the fourth generation

• Published in: Measurement techniques 2023-10, Vol.66 (7), p.447-453
• Main Authors: Katkov, A. S., Shevtsov, V. I., Gromova, Ju. A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analytical Chemistry; Arrays; Calibration; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Critical current (superconductivity); Electrical measurement; Hysteresis; Josephson effect; Measurement Science and Instrumentation; Measuring instruments; Physical Chemistry; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Standard deviation; State Standards; Systematic errors
• ISSN: 0543-1972; 1573-8906
• DOI: 10.1007/s11018-023-02246-1

The article presents the results of studies aimed at improving GET 13-01 State Primary Voltage Standard that relies on the quantum Josephson effect. GET 13-01 improvement achieved the following results: extended DC voltage reproduction range due to the transition from two reference points having nominal voltages of 1 and 10 V to the range of 1 · 10 −3 –10 V; increased noise immunity of reproduced voltage due to the introduction of a voltage measure having a hysteresis-free Josephson array chip; provided stability of reproduced voltage; automated transfer of the unit of voltage to both voltage measures and voltage meters; ensured process of setting the specified voltage in the time domain. With a new composition, the improved GET 13-01 was approved as GET 13-2023 State Primary Voltage Standard. GET 13-2023 uses quantum voltage measures on the basis of various Josephson array chips. The metrological characteristics of GET 13-2023 are studied in the process of comparing quantum measures comprising it (with hysteretic and hysteresis-free Josephson array chips). GET 13-2023 realizes the unit of voltage with the standard deviation of the measurement result not exceeding 1–10 −9  V and a residual systematic error of 1 · 10 −9  V within the voltage range of 1 · 10 −3 –1 V and reproduces the unit of voltage with the standard deviation of the measurement result not exceeding 10 −9 multiplied by the value of reproduced voltage and a residual systematic error of 10 −9 multiplied by the value of reproduced voltage within the voltage range of 1–10 V. The obtained results are relevant for ensuring the uniformity of DC voltage measurements and for performing international key comparisons.