TrkB-mediated sustained neuroprotection is sex-specific and [Formula: see text]-dependent in adult mice following neonatal hypoxia ischemia

• Published in: Biology of sex differences 2024-01, Vol.15 (1), p.1
• Main Authors: Chanana, Vishal, Hackett, Margaret, Deveci, Nazli, Aycan, Nur, Ozaydin, Burak, Cagatay, Nur Sena, Hanalioglu, Damla, Kintner, Douglas B, Corcoran, Karson, Yapici, Sefer, Camci, Furkan, Eickhoff, Jens, Frick, Karyn M, Ferrazzano, Peter, Levine, Jon E, Cengiz, Pelin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agonists; Animals; Anxiety; Apoptosis; Brain damage; Brain injury; Carotid arteries; Disability; Female; Females; Gender differences; Hippocampus; Hypothermia; Hypoxia; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain - drug therapy; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain - metabolism; Immunohistochemistry; Ischemia; Kinases; Laboratory animals; Long term memory; Male; Memory; Mice; Mortality; Neonates; Neuroprotection; Newborn babies; Pattern recognition; Phosphorylation; Protein-tyrosine kinase; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - therapeutic use; Recovery of function; Traumatic brain injury; TrkB receptors; Veins & arteries; Young adults
• ISSN: 2042-6410
• DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00573-0

Neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI) related brain injury is one of the major causes of life-long neurological morbidities that result in learning and memory impairments. Evidence suggests that male neonates are more susceptible to the detrimental effects of HI, yet the mechanisms mediating these sex-specific responses to neural injury in neonates remain poorly understood. We previously tested the effects of treatment with a small molecule agonist of the tyrosine kinase B receptor (TrkB), 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) following neonatal HI and determined that females, but not males exhibit increased phosphorylation of TrkB and reduced apoptosis in their hippocampi. Moreover, these female-specific effects of the TrkB agonist were found to be dependent upon the expression of [Formula: see text]. These findings demonstrated that TrkB activation in the presence of [Formula: see text] comprises one pathway by which neuroprotection may be conferred in a female-specific manner. The goal of this study was to determine the role of [Formula: see text]-dependent TrkB-mediated neuroprotection in memory and anxiety in young adult mice exposed to HI during the neonatal period. In this study, we used a unilateral hypoxic ischemic (HI) mouse model. [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] mice were subjected to HI on postnatal day (P) 9 and mice were treated with either vehicle control or the TrkB agonist, DHF, for 7 days following HI. When mice reached young adulthood, we used the novel object recognition, novel object location and open field tests to assess long-term memory and anxiety-like behavior. The brains were then assessed for tissue damage using immunohistochemistry. Neonatal DHF treatment prevented HI-induced decrements in recognition and location memory in adulthood in females, but not in males. This protective effect was absent in female mice lacking [Formula: see text]. The female-specific improved recognition and location memory outcomes in adulthood conferred by DHF therapy after neonatal HI tended to be or were [Formula: see text]-dependent, respectively. Interestingly, DHF triggered anxiety-like behavior in both sexes only in the mice that lacked [Formula: see text]. When we assessed the severity of injury, we found that DHF therapy did not decrease the percent tissue loss in proportion to functional recovery. We additionally observed that the presence of [Formula: see text] significantly reduced overall HI-associated mortality in both sexes. These observations